游艺的天文学思想与宇宙模型初探

发布时间：2018-03-28 02:06

本文选题：游艺　切入点：天文思想　出处：《东华大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：游艺是明末清初我国重要的思想家和天文历算家,其天文历算的代表作《天经或问》涵盖了天文历法、水文气象、天灾异象及人生性理等方面的知识,内容丰富,题材多样,具有极高的科技史料价值。但在中国思想史和中国科技史上,游艺却几乎被人遗忘,目前尚未见有关于他的专门研究论文和著作。基于此,本文拟在对《天经或问》进行全面深入的梳理和解读的基础上,对游艺的天文学思想和宇宙模型做一初探,发掘游艺这位被长期埋没的思想家和天文历算家的思想和成就,以期还原游艺在明清科学思想史、天文历算史上的地位。《天经或问》分为前集和后集两部分,是约于1675年和1681年刊行的通俗天文学著作。其研究和录入对象主要包括：天文历法、水文气象、天灾异象及人生性理。《天经或问前集》以论述天文学为主,兼论水文气象。《天经或问后集》则以论述异象和性理为主,还包含了关于中国历法发展史的讨论等。在前集的论述中,游艺全文征引,引用当时西方传教士翻译、流入中国的天文学著作；或者概括、综述其师友、前人的研究成果,并附加自己的评论、观点,对西方传入的天文学知识作了比较系统、全面、通俗的评介,同时也论述了中国传统天文历法的相关论述。《天经或问前集》在传播普及当时传入中国的西方天文学知识方面产生了极大的影响,对当时中西方天文学知识的交流与融合做出了突出的贡献。本文试图在现有研究资料的基础上对游艺的宇宙天文学思想、《天经或问》的成书背景以及意义进行介绍。关于游艺如何构建自己的宇宙天文体系、《天经或问》如何对当时中西方宇宙天文问题作出评述、汇各家之言而成一家之说,游艺的天文思想、宇宙模型、《天经或问》对当时天文学界产生的重大影响等方面有着重要的研究意义与价值,也是本文所要努力尝试的方向和目标。本文绪论部分主要介绍课题的研究背景及意义、研究内容及方法、研究的重点及创新点等。正文部分首先是对游艺与《天经或问》的概括和简述,主要介绍游艺所处的社会历史背景、生平经历、与揭暄等人的交往。其次通过比较研究的手法,通过与其同时代天文历算家的学说对比分析游艺的天文学思想,主要是阐释其岁差、左右旋等观点。再次是结合笛卡尔、朱熹等人的天文思想与宇宙模型,介绍游艺的地心宇宙模型、漩涡说等思想。文章结尾部分主要是针对游艺的宇宙天文学观点、《天经或问》的内容与价值进行综合分析、总体评价,归纳总结了游艺天文学思想的价值,揭示了游艺与《天经或问》在天文学史上的深远影响与重要地位。
[Abstract]:Recreation is an important thinker and astronomical almanac in China in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. The representative work of the astronomical calendar, "Tian Jing or Q", covers the knowledge of astronomical calendar, hydrometeorology, natural disaster vision and human nature, and has rich contents and varied subjects. Has extremely high science and technology historical value. But in the history of Chinese thoughts and Chinese science and technology history, recreation is almost forgotten, so far there have not been any special research papers and works about him. On the basis of a thorough analysis and interpretation of the Book of Heaven or question, this paper explores the astronomical thoughts and cosmic models of recreation, and explores the ideas and achievements of this long-buried thinker and astronomical almanac. In order to restore the status of recreation in the history of scientific thought and astronomical history of Ming and Qing dynasties. It is a popular astronomical work published in 1675 and 1681. Its research and input objects mainly include astronomical calendars, hydrometeorology, and so on. The natural disaster vision and the nature of human life. The first collection of the sutras of heaven or inquiry is mainly about astronomy, and also the discussion of hydrometeorology. The main purpose of the collection is to expound the vision and the theory of nature. It also includes a discussion on the history of the development of Chinese calendars. In the previous treatise, the full text of the recreation is cited, citing the astronomical works translated by Western missionaries at that time and flowing into China; or, in general, summarizing the research results of their teachers and friends, as well as those of their predecessors. In addition to his own comments and viewpoints, he made a systematic, comprehensive and popular review of the astronomical knowledge introduced by the West. At the same time, it also discusses the related exposition of the Chinese traditional astronomical calendar. "the Sutra of Heaven or the Book of questions" has had a great impact on the dissemination of Western astronomical knowledge that was introduced to China at that time. It made a great contribution to the exchange and fusion of astronomical knowledge between China and the West at that time. Based on the existing research data, this paper attempts to introduce the cosmic astronomical thought of recreation, the background and significance of the book of "the Book of Heaven or Book of Heaven", on how to construct one's own cosmic astronomical system, < Book of Heaven or ask >. How to comment on the astronomical problems in China and the West at that time, The astronomical thought of recreation, the cosmic model, and the great influence of the Book of Heaven or question on the astronomical circles at that time have important research significance and value, and are also the direction and goal of this paper. The introduction part of this paper mainly introduces the research background and significance, the research content and method, the research emphases and the innovation points, etc. The main body part first is the summary and the brief introduction to the recreation and "Tian Jing or Q". This paper mainly introduces the social and historical background, life experience, communication with people such as Gaixuan, etc. Secondly, it analyzes the astronomical thought of recreation by comparing it with the theories of its contemporary astronomical calendars. It mainly explains its precession, left and right rotation and so on. Again, it introduces the geocentric cosmic model of recreation combining with the astronomical thought and cosmic model of Descartes, Zhu Xi and others. The last part of the article is mainly aimed at the cosmic astronomical viewpoint of recreation, the content and value of the Book of Heaven or question are comprehensively analyzed, the overall evaluation is made, and the value of the idea of recreational astronomy is summed up and summarized. It reveals the profound influence and important position of recreation and sutra or question in the history of astronomy.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P1-092

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