古化石与陨石的元素对比分析

发布时间：2018-03-29 14:01

本文选题：陨石　切入点：古化石　出处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2017年01期

【摘要】：古化石是古代的动植物经过漫长地质时期和地质作用形成的化石,它是地球历史的鉴证,记载着地球生态环境演变的信息;长时间遨游于太阳系中的陨石,经过宇宙间的核反应和大气的磨蚀,形成了独特的纹理与造型,记载着外太空形成演化的原始信息。古化石成分的分析是研究地球生物起源和进化的科学依据;而陨石是大自然馈赠的来自外太空的岩石样品,极为珍贵和稀少,对陨石成分的分析可以为我国外星球探测和天体化学的发展提供更好的基础。对样品的溶解方法进行选择和优化,最终以硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸为混合试剂,采用微波消解法溶解古化石样品;以王水、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸为混合试剂,采用微波消解与湿法消解相结合溶解陨石样品,应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了3种古化石样品、3种陨石样品中多种元素的含量,并将古化石与陨石中相同元素的含量进行对比。分析结果表明,古化石和陨石中都含有Pb,Hg,Ge,Fe,Ni,Cu,Co和Mn等重金属元素,以及部分稀土元素。该方法加标回收率在98.2%~106%之间,相对标准偏差均小于2.12%。方法的灵敏度高,准确度和精密度好。
[Abstract]:Ancient fossils are fossils of ancient flora and fauna formed through long geological periods and geological processes. They are evidence of the history of the earth and record the evolution of the earth's ecological environment; meteorites that roam the solar system for a long time, Through the nuclear reaction between the universe and the atmospheres, the unique texture and shape are formed, and the original information of the formation and evolution of outer space is recorded. The analysis of the ancient fossil composition is the scientific basis for studying the origin and evolution of the earth's biology. And meteorites are natural samples of rocks from outer space that are extremely precious and rare. The analysis of meteorite composition can provide a better basis for the exploration of foreign planets and the development of astrochemistry in China. The method of sample dissolution is selected and optimized, and the mixed reagent is nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid and perchloric acid. Ancient fossil samples were dissolved by microwave digestion, and meteorite samples were dissolved by microwave digestion and wet digestion with Wang Shui, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid and perchloric acid as mixed reagents. The contents of various elements in three kinds of ancient fossil samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES-), and the contents of the same elements in ancient fossils were compared with those in meteorites. The paleofossils and meteorites contain heavy metals, such as PbHgGGG, FeNiCU, Co and mn, as well as some rare earth elements. The recoveries of the method are between 98.2% and 106%, and the relative standard deviations are all less than 2.12. The method has high sensitivity, good accuracy and good precision.
【作者单位】：沈阳师范大学化学化工学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(91545117)资助
【分类号】：Q911.2;P185.83

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