宇宙中高能带电粒子的加速

发布时间：2018-06-07 04:43

本文选题：宇宙射线 + 粒子加速　；参考：《中国科学:物理学力学天文学》2015年11期

【摘要】：宇宙中高能粒子的起源问题是高能太阳和天体物理的核心问题之一.在剧烈变化的天体物理环境下,背景等离子体中的带电粒子可以被其中的电场加速到很高的能量.根据背景电场和带电粒子相互作用的特征,带电粒子的加速机制可以分为:等离子波和粒子共振相互作用、沿磁力线方向的平行电场加速和磁场不均匀性有关的磁场曲率与梯度加速等.根据粒子加速过程对应的宏观能量释放机制,人们发展了随机粒子加速理论、扩散激波粒子加速理论以及磁重联粒子加速理论等.这些理论都有其各自的假设和特征,在不同的天体物理环境有其相应的应用.与高能天体物理观测的不断进步相结合,通过对高能粒子辐射特征和加速过程的分析,人们可以更好地认识剧烈变化天体物理环境下发生的各种物理过程.
[Abstract]:The origin of high-energy particles in the universe is one of the core problems in high-energy solar and astrophysics. The charged particles in the background plasma can be accelerated to a high energy by the electric field in the background plasma under the acutely changing astrophysical environment. According to the characteristics of background electric field and charged particle interaction, the acceleration mechanism of charged particle can be divided into plasma wave and particle resonance interaction. The parallel electric field acceleration along the magnetic field line and the magnetic field curvature and gradient acceleration related to the magnetic field inhomogeneity. According to the macroscopic energy release mechanism of particle acceleration process, random particle acceleration theory, diffusion shock particle acceleration theory and magnetic reconnection particle acceleration theory have been developed. These theories have their own hypotheses and characteristics and have their corresponding applications in different astrophysical environments. Combined with the continuous progress of high-energy astrophysics observation, through the analysis of the radiation characteristics and acceleration process of high-energy particles, people can better understand the various physical processes that occur in the acutely changing astrophysical environment.
【作者单位】：中国科学院紫金山天文台中国科学院暗物质和空间天文重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(批准号:11173064,11233001,11233008)
【分类号】：P142.7

【共引文献】