基于地平式天文望远镜运动目标跟踪技术的研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 05:33

  本文选题：地平式天文望远镜 + 运动目标跟踪　； 参考：《南京理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文以地平式天文望远镜为研究平台,将图像处理技术和运动目标跟踪技术相结合,研究在运动背景下对运动目标进行跟踪的方法。通过CCD模块采集的模拟视频信号,经解码模块解码为数字视频信号。再将该数字视频信号传输给FPGA,进行图像跟踪运算并显示。根据计算出的目标位移结果控制伺服系统转动,从而实现目标跟踪。实验结果表明,该方法能够准确地对空中运动目标进行跟踪。 首先,介绍了地平式天文望远镜的光学系统。根据视频图像技术的基础理论,对CCD模块的选型及其性能指标做了详细说明。同时,为便于后端视频图像处理,设计了视频解码模块,该模块能够对模拟视频信号进行解码并倍频。 其次,论文设计了一种自适应高斯平滑滤波法对图像进行预处理,该方法不仅能够有效滤除噪声,而且降低了平滑处理对边缘检测效果的影响。选取Sobel算子进行边缘检测,边缘检测效果明显。并进一步设计了一种基于边缘检测的相关匹配跟踪算法。文章从算法可行性和软、硬件实现角度对运动目标跟踪算法做了详细介绍。 再次,论文根据地平式天文望远镜的结构特点设计出伺服控制系统。设计了伺服控制电路,该控制电路以STM32系列单片机为核心控制器,能够对地平式天文望远镜进行二维控制。并结合步进电机工作原理,采用TI公司的DRV8829电机驱动芯片设计出二相四线式步进电机驱动器,该驱动器驱动电机平稳转动,且散热性能良好。此外,为便于系统调试与观测,设计了TFT屏触控模块,并以FPGA构建的Nios Ⅱ软核为处理器,开发TFT屏底层驱动程序和uC/GUI人机界面的顶层应用程序。 最后,文章分别对系统各功能模块进行独立调试和系统联调。实验结果表明,各功能模块运行效果良好,系统联调能够达到预期效果。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the image processing technology and moving target tracking technology are combined to study the method of moving target tracking under the moving background based on the ground-level astronomical telescope. The analog video signal collected by CCD module is decoded into digital video signal by decoding module. Then the digital video signal is transmitted to FPGA for image tracking and display. The rotation of the servo system is controlled according to the calculated target displacement result, and the target tracking is realized. The experimental results show that the method can accurately track the moving targets in the air. Firstly, the optical system of ground-level astronomical telescope is introduced. According to the basic theory of video image technology, the selection of CCD module and its performance index are described in detail. At the same time, in order to facilitate the back-end video image processing, a video decoding module is designed, which can decode the analog video signal and multiply the frequency. Secondly, an adaptive Gao Si smoothing filter is designed to preprocess the image. This method can not only effectively filter noise, but also reduce the influence of smoothing on edge detection. Sobel operator is selected for edge detection, and the effect of edge detection is obvious. Furthermore, a correlation matching tracking algorithm based on edge detection is designed. In this paper, the algorithm of moving target tracking is introduced in detail from the point of view of feasibility, hardware and software. Thirdly, the servo control system is designed according to the structural characteristics of the ground-level astronomical telescope. The servo control circuit is designed. The control circuit is based on STM32 series single chip microcomputer and can be used to control the horizontal astronomical telescope in two dimensions. Combined with the principle of stepper motor, a two-phase four-wire stepper motor driver is designed by using the DRV8829 motor driver chip of TI Company. The driver drives the motor smoothly and has good heat dissipation performance. In addition, in order to facilitate the system debugging and observation, the TFT screen touch control module is designed. With the Nios 鈪，

本文编号：1990021