LTB宇宙及其相关问题研究

发布时间：2018-12-08 09:45

【摘要】：1998年,Ia型超新星亮度变暗的发现,使得当前物理学面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,困扰着无数物理学家的心智。Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi(LTB)宇宙模型是对超新星亮度变暗的观测事实的另一种解释,其优点在于不再需要引入神秘的暗能量。本文对LTB宇宙及其相关问题进行了理论上的探讨,共分为五章: 第一章为引言,主要介绍了当前的研究背景,包括现代宇宙学的观测基础,宇宙加速膨胀的若干机制,并对非均匀模型提出的依据进行了阐述。第二章主要对D维LTB宇宙进行理论上的探讨,给出了其时空度规的形式,导出了单哈勃参数Friedmann方程和双哈勃参数Friedmann方程,并得到了推广的加速方程与连续性方程。另外,我们还求解出了D维LTB宇宙中的零测地线方程,并给出了其三类形式解。最后,我们在红移空间中重新表述了D维LTB宇宙的基本方程。第三章主要介绍了Friedmann方程的其他导出方式。在牛顿宇宙学的框架下,可以得到单哈勃参数Friedmann方程;从统一热力学第一定律出发,可以得到D维LTB宇宙的所有演化方程,这与本文提出的“封闭体系的对应原则”相符合。第四章将LTB宇宙的视界定义为捕获视界,并给出了其相应的霍金温度。在第五章,我们总结了本文的主要内容,并展望了未来的研究工作。
[Abstract]:In 1998, the discovery of Ia supernova dimming brought great opportunities and challenges to physics. The Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) universe model is another explanation of the fact that supernova brightness darkens, with the advantage that mysterious dark energy no longer needs to be introduced. In this paper, the LTB universe and its related problems are discussed theoretically, which is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is the introduction, which mainly introduces the current research background, including the observation basis of modern cosmology, the mechanism of accelerating expansion of the universe. The basis of the non-uniform model is expounded. In the second chapter, the D dimensional LTB universe is discussed in theory, the form of space-time metric is given, the single Hubble parameter Friedmann equation and double Hubble parameter Friedmann equation are derived, and the generalized acceleration equation and continuity equation are obtained. In addition, we solve the zero-geodesic equation in the D-dimensional LTB universe, and give three kinds of solutions. Finally, we restate the basic equations of D dimensional LTB universe in redshift space. The third chapter mainly introduces the other derivation methods of Friedmann equation. Under the framework of Newtonian cosmology, the single Hubble parameter Friedmann equation can be obtained, and from the first law of unified thermodynamics, all the evolution equations of the D dimensional LTB universe can be obtained, which is in accordance with the "correspondence principle of closed system" proposed in this paper. In chapter 4, the horizon of the LTB universe is defined as the capture horizon, and the corresponding Hawking temperature is given. In the fifth chapter, we summarize the main contents of this paper and look forward to the future research work.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：P159

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