保卫地球——近地天体的巡视与防御陨击的对策

发布时间：2018-12-29 09:08

【摘要】：地球处于危险的宇宙环境中。运行到地球附近的"近地天体(NEO)"潜在着撞击地球的危险。实际上,地球自诞生以来就不断地受到这些天体的轰击,月球和水星的斑痕累累陨击坑就是最好的佐证,只是地球经历严重演化而抹去了老的陨击遗迹,仅见到170多个较近期的陨击构造。幸运的是,现阶段的陨击大多是规模小的,危害不太大。然而,陨击是很难预料的,一旦发生较大的撞击,就会造成比大地震还严重得多的危害。1994年的彗星撞击木星事件轰动世界,启迪人们更加关注地球被撞击的危险问题。实际上,也不乏地球近期遭遇陨击的例子:1908年的通古斯爆炸事件;1976年的吉林陨石雨;2008年的小行星2008TC3陨落在苏丹。2010年初,美国科学院公布《保卫地球:近地天体巡天和缓解危险策略最终报告》,笔者将结合有关资料作简要介绍,让公众了解真实的科学知识和对策,以免被歪曲的影视情节所误导。
[Abstract]:The earth is in a dangerous cosmic environment. (NEO), a neo orbiting near Earth, is potentially at risk of hitting the Earth. In fact, the Earth has been bombarded by these celestial bodies since its birth, as evidenced by the scarred craters of the Moon and Mercury, but the Earth has undergone severe evolution and erased the old craters. Only more than 170 more recent meteorite strike structures were observed. Fortunately, most of the meteorite strikes at this stage are small and not too harmful. However, the impact of the meteorite is very difficult to predict, once a large impact will cause a much more serious harm than a major earthquake. The comet impact on Jupiter in 1994 sensed the world, enlightening people to pay more attention to the danger of Earth being hit. In fact, there are many examples of recent meteorite strikes on Earth: the Tungus explosion in 1908; the Jilin meteorite rain in 1976; The asteroid 2008TC3 fell in Sudan in 2008. In early 2010, the National Academy of Sciences released the final report on protecting Earth: neo surveys and risk Mitigation Strategies. Let the public know the true scientific knowledge and countermeasures so as not to be misled by the distorted film and television plot.
【作者单位】：中国科学院紫金山天文台;
【分类号】：P185.83

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