基于位置的车载自组织网络安全路由协议研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 01:40

本文关键词：基于位置的车载自组织网络安全路由协议研究　出处：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：车载自组织网络(Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks,VANET)是一种车辆与车辆之间,车辆与路边单元(RSU)之间通信的移动自组织网络(Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,MANET)。由于VANET在改善道路安全、提高交通效率、为驾驶员和乘客带来便捷等方面拥有巨大的潜力,因此它成为当前一个研究较为广泛的领域之一。VANET作为MANET的一个特殊应用,不可避免的会遭受MANET中的各种已知和未知攻击,例如:信息丢弃、信息重放、拒绝服务攻击等。同时,它也面临着许多针对VANET的特殊攻击,如:位置攻击、隐蔽车辆问题、隐私保护、隧道攻击等。因此,设计出一种能够实现隐私性和安全性的车载自组织网络路由协议是本文的主要工作。本文对VANET中贪婪周边无状态路由协议GPSR(Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing)的安全性进行了深入研究,并提出了一种基于路边单元RSU防范与检测的GPSR改进协议。改进的协议通过增加消息认证、隐私保护、位置攻击检测、伪造攻击检测等多种安全功能,有效的增强了GPSR的安全性。在协议的具体设计中,利用GPS模块获取车辆自身位置、速度、方向、时间戳等信息,将其加入原始信标消息中,利用路边单元进行身份认证、检测重放攻击、位置攻击、信息篡改和女巫攻击等。同时,将报警阶段分为RSU预警和车辆报警,路边单元通过收集到的信标有无异常判断是否发出RSU预警。对于车辆报警,则在原报警消息中加入报警时间、位置及车辆所在位置,路边单元通过车辆报警后的特征验证车辆报警消息是否真实,以抵御伪造攻击和隐蔽车辆问题。消息转发时,源节点对自身身份、位置和通信消息加密后进行通信,保护隐私,并防止窃听。本文采用网络仿真平台NS-2对改进协议进行了仿真实验,从平均时延、分组投递率方面将改进协议与GPSR协议进行对比。实验结果表明,改进协议与GPSR协议相比仅有少量的时延增加,不会增加网络负担,而在有恶意节点的情况下,投递率有明显的上升,体现出了良好的安全性能。
[Abstract]:Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a kind of vehicle to vehicle. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks / Manet, a mobile ad Hoc network for communication between vehicles and roadside units. VANET is improving road safety. It has great potential to improve traffic efficiency and bring convenience to drivers and passengers. Therefore, it has become one of the most extensive research fields. VANET is a special application of MANET. Inevitably, it will be subjected to various known and unknown attacks in MANET, such as information dropping, information replay, denial of service attacks, etc. At the same time, it also faces many special attacks against VANET. For example: location attack, hidden vehicle problem, privacy protection, tunnel attack, etc. It is the main work of this paper to design a vehicle Ad Hoc routing protocol which can realize privacy and security. In this paper, the greedy peripheral stateless routing protocol in VANET (GPSRs) is discussed. The security of Greedy Perimeter Stateless routing is deeply studied. An improved GPSR protocol based on roadside unit RSU prevention and detection is proposed. The improved protocol includes message authentication, privacy protection, location attack detection, forgery attack detection and other security functions. Effectively enhance the security of GPSR. In the specific design of the protocol, the use of GPS module to obtain the vehicle's own position, speed, direction, timestamp and other information, and add it to the original beacon message. At the same time, the alarm stage is divided into RSU alarm and vehicle alarm, which uses roadside unit to authenticate identity, detect replay attack, position attack, tamper with information and witch attack. The roadside unit determines whether the RSU alarm is issued by the collected beacon or not. For the vehicle alarm, the alarm time, position and location of the vehicle are added to the original alarm message. The roadside unit verifies whether the vehicle alarm message is true or not through the characteristics of the vehicle alarm, so as to resist forgery attacks and hidden vehicle problems. When the message is forwarded, the source node identifies itself. Position and communication messages are encrypted to communicate, protect privacy, and prevent eavesdropping. In this paper, the network simulation platform NS-2 is used to simulate the improved protocol, from the average delay. The experimental results show that compared with the GPSR protocol, the improved protocol increases only a little delay and does not increase the network burden. In the case of malicious nodes, the delivery rate has a significant increase, reflecting a good security performance.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U463.67;TN915.08

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