基于无线传感器网络的建筑安全监测技术研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 06:28

本文关键词： 无线传感器网络建筑安全监测路由算法任务调度网络节能　出处：《大连理工大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,无线传感器网络技术飞速发展,其连接物理世界和计算机世界的桥梁作用得到了广泛应用。无线传感器网络不但布线成本低、监测精度高、容错性好,而且能够远程监控,在故障诊断与安全监测等方面有突出优点。随着建筑安全事故的频发,如何对建筑的安全状态进行实时和有效的监测,避免由于结构损伤、火灾或室内环境变化引起的建筑安全事故,同时为建筑的健康维护和保养提供及时、科学的指导,已经越来越受到人们的广泛关注,建立一种基于无线传感器网络的建筑安全监测系统具有非常重要的理论意义和实用价值。本文分析了建筑安全监测技术研究现状、进展及面临的挑战,阐述了无线传感器网络的发展、特点及结构,研究了基于无线传感器网络的建筑结构健康监测、建筑火灾安全监测和建筑室内环境监测三个领域的监测方法,结合存在的问题提出了相应的解决方案和策略,主要内容如下： 1.针对建筑结构健康监测实时性差、现有算法资源消耗大、实际应用效果不稳定等问题,在基于无线传感器网络的建筑结构健康监测系统中,提出了一种基于遗传-蚁群优化的组播路由算法和多跳路由算法,较好地解决了网络的服务质量问题,提高了网络的稳定性和监测的可靠性；采用改进型的蚁群算法,制定了无线传感器网络能量管理策略,降低了监测网络的能耗,延长了网络寿命。 2.针对建筑火灾安全监测单代理节点功能有限、拓扑结构复杂、带宽要求高等问题,在基于无线传感器网络的建筑火灾安全监测中引入了多代理理论,提出了一种火灾监测网络的动态任务调度算法,较好地解决了多监测任务调度中的大规模计算问题,提高了任务调度的效率；采用基于D-S证据理论的数据融合算法对监测数据进行实时处理,提高了监测系统对异常情况报警的准确性和可靠性,降低了火灾误报和漏报率。 3.针对建筑室内环境监测传输数据量大、频谱资源紧张、传感器节点能源局限等问题,建立了建筑室内无线终端通信频谱感知模型,提出了一种基于支持向量机的频谱感知算法,能够实时、准确地对设备终端进行频谱感知,有效地提高了频谱资源的利用率；提出了一种基于压缩感知理论的网络节能算法,在保证无线传感器网络整体监测精度和效率的前提下,提升了网络数据采样效率,降低了传感器节点的能源消耗,提高了网络使用寿命。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid development of wireless sensor network technology, its role as a bridge connecting the physical world and the computer world has been widely used in wireless sensor network routing. Not only low cost, high precision, good fault tolerance, and remote monitoring, has obvious advantages in fault diagnosis and safety monitoring. With the construction safety accidents. In real time, and how to effectively monitor the safety of construction, to avoid the structural damage, caused by fire or indoor environment changes of construction safety accidents, and for the construction of health maintenance and maintenance to provide timely, scientific guidance, people have paid more and more attention, the establishment of a very important theoretical significance and the practical value of construction safety monitoring system based on wireless sensor network.
This paper analyzes the present situation of the safety monitoring technology of construction, progress and challenges, expounds the development of wireless sensor networks, the characteristics and the structure of the building structure health monitoring based on wireless sensor networks, monitoring method of building fire safety monitoring and indoor environmental monitoring in three areas, combined with the existing problems put forward to solve corresponding solutions and strategies, the main contents are as follows:
1. for structural health monitoring real-time algorithm of existing resource consumption, actual application effect is not stable, based on the architecture of wireless sensor network health monitoring system, proposes a multicast routing algorithm - ant colony optimization and genetic algorithm based on multi hop routing, solves the problem of network service quality to improve the reliability and stability of the monitoring network; using improved ant colony algorithm, developed a wireless sensor network energy management strategy, reducing the energy consumption of the monitoring network, prolong the network lifetime.
2. for building fire safety monitoring of single agent node function is limited, the structure is very complex, higher bandwidth requirements, based on building fire safety monitoring wireless sensor network is introduced in multi agent theory, put forward the dynamic scheduling of a fire monitoring network algorithm to solve large-scale computing problems in multi task scheduling monitoring and improve the efficiency of task scheduling; using the D-S evidence theory data fusion algorithm for real-time processing of monitoring data based on the improved monitoring system for abnormal alarm accuracy and reliability, reduce fire false positives and negatives.
3. for the construction of indoor environmental monitoring of large volume data transmission, spectrum resource and energy limitation of sensor nodes, building the indoor wireless communication terminal spectrum sensing model, proposes a spectrum sensing algorithm based on support vector machine capable of real-time, accurate spectrum sensing of terminal equipment, effectively improve the utilization of spectrum rate of resource; proposes a network energy saving algorithm based on compressed sensing theory, under the premise of ensuring the whole wireless sensor network monitoring accuracy and efficiency, improve the efficiency of network data sampling, reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes, improve the service life of the network.

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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