新型馈电网络基础研究及应用

发布时间：2018-01-22 01:26

本文关键词： 馈电网络功率分配器移相器耦合器带阻滤波器双频圆极化天线　出处：《北京邮电大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：馈电网络是天线、阵列天线、相控阵雷达等的重要组成部分。性能优良的阵列天线不仅需要良好的辐射单元,与之相匹配的馈电网络的性能也是至关重要的。常用馈电网络由功率分配器、移相器、耦合器、滤波器等电路组成,以实现阻抗匹配、幅度相位控制、谐波抑制等功能。随着通信技术的发展,多标准多频带通信网络共存,小型多模多频通信终端要求越来越高,天线的体积、重量和多频/宽频性能是天线研究与制造要考虑的主要关键因素,馈电网络作为天线组成的一部分,也面临体积小、重量轻、多频/宽频特性设计的挑战。近年来,微带线因其厚度小、质量小等优点成为微波器件常用的结构,本文在微带线理论的基础上,实现了新型双频功分器、移相器、宽带耦合器及双频带阻滤波器等结构,并用新型馈电网络成功实现了一款双频圆极化天线及一组天线阵。论文的主要贡献如下： (1)双频功分器研究方面,提出了三种双频功率分配器结构。一种是基于耦合线的双频Wilkinson功分器,该功分器结构简单紧凑,满足负载阻抗为任意实数值的情况,论文给出了理论分析和参数设计公式；第二种是适用于大功率环境的基于耦合线的双频Gysel功分器,论文给出了理论分析和参数设计约束条件；第三种双频功分器结构为在上一种Gysel功分器基础上进行的广义推广,实现了内在阻抗匹配功能,满足源阻抗和负载阻抗为任意实数值的情况,该功分器设计自由度更大,有7个变量自由度,频率比范围更宽,达到1.19-3.51,论文给出了严格的理论推导并得出设计参数的解析解,最后进行了理想电路计算、全波电磁仿真及微带电路实验验证。这部分主要研究成果已在SCI检索期刊The Scientific World Journal等杂志上发表。 (2)移相器研究方面,提出了一款基于微带扇形支节的平面结构的移相器。该移相器结构简单,体积小,可灵活实现任意度数相移,相比传统矩形微带支节,扇形支节具有低特性阻抗的特点,该结构可以作为简单平面结构移相器的一个选择。论文分析了扇形支节几何参数与移相器性能的关系,给出了理想电路计算、全波电磁仿真及微带电路实验验证。 (3)耦合器研究方面,提出了一款三端口宽带耦合器。该耦合器由双频功分器及移相器组成,能实现宽带移相器功能,且频率实现范围可灵活配置,参数计算简单,不需要复杂计算公式,论文给出了理想电路计算、全波电磁仿真及微带电路实验验证,实验数据显示用该结构实现的一款工作于频率为2.6GHz的三端口耦合器90°±10°移相的带宽可达92.7%。 (4)双频带阻滤波器研究方面,提出了一款基于耦合线的双频带阻滤波器。该滤波器结构简单紧凑,频率比解析可调,阻带选择性高,论文给出了详细的理论分析、参数设计公式,以及理想电路计算、全波电磁仿真及微带电路实验验证,实验数据显示用该结构实现的一款阻带中心频率分别为0.84GHz和1.16GHz的双频带阻滤波器的3dB阻带带宽分别为24.4%和17.2%。这部分主要研究成果已在SCI检索期刊Electronics Letters杂志上发表。 (5)馈电网络的应用研究方面,用本论文提出的馈电网络成功实现一款双频圆极化天线和一组天线阵。用本论文提出的宽带耦合器作为双频圆极化天线馈电网络,实现了工作于2.1GHz (UMTS, Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems)频段和2.45GHz(WLAN, Wireless Local Area Network)频段的小频率比双频圆极化天线,频率比为1.167；用本论文提出的双频Gysel功分器作为天线阵的馈电网络,实现了含四个天线阵元的双频圆极化天线阵,天线增益最大提高了5.7dBi,两个频段的3dB轴比带宽分别增加了19%和95%。天线实验测试结果进一步验证了本论文所提出的馈电网络的可行性与实用性。
[Abstract]:Feed network is antenna, antenna array, an important part of the phased array radar. The array antenna with good performance requires not only good radiation unit, feed network to match the performance is critical. The commonly used feed network by power divider, phase shifter, coupler, filter circuit, to achieve impedance matching, amplitude phase control, harmonic suppression and other functions. With the development of communication technology, multi standard multi band communication network coexistence, small multi-mode multi frequency communication terminal requirements more and more high, antenna volume, weight and multi frequency / broadband performance is the research and manufacture of antenna to be considered key factors, as part of the feed network composed of antenna also, with small size, light weight, multi frequency / broadband characteristics design challenges. In recent years, the microstrip line because of its advantages such as small thickness, quality become the structure of micro wave devices commonly used, Based on the theory of microstrip line, the new dual frequency power divider, phase shifter, wideband coupler and dual band band stop filter are implemented. A dual frequency circularly polarized antenna and a set of antenna arrays have been successfully implemented with the new feed network. The main contributions of the paper are as follows:
(1) is of dual frequency power, puts forward three kinds of dual frequency power divider structure. One is the dual frequency Wilkinson power divider based on coupled line, the power divider has simple and compact structure, meet the load impedance for any real value, this paper gives the theoretical analysis and parameter design formula; the second is suitable for high power environment coupling line based on dual frequency Gysel power divider, the paper gives the theoretical analysis and parameter design constraints; generalized third kinds of dual frequency power divider structure for a Gysel power divider based on the realization of the impedance matching function, meet the source and load impedances for any real value, the power divider design more freedom, there are 7 variable degrees of freedom, the frequency ratio of a wider range, up to 1.19-3.51, this paper gives analysis of the strict theoretical derivation and solution of the design parameters are obtained, finally The ideal circuit calculation, full wave electromagnetic simulation and microstrip circuit experimental verification have been published in SCI search Journal The Scientific World Journal and other magazines.
(2) of the phase shifter, a phase shifter is proposed based on planar microstrip stub fan. The phase shifter has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, flexible implementation of arbitrary degree phase shift, compared with the traditional rectangular microstrip stub, the characteristics of sector support section has low characteristic impedance, the structure can be used as a choose a simple plane structure of phase shifter. This paper analyzes the relationship between the fan branch section geometry parameters and phase shifter performance, calculation of ideal circuit is given, the full wave electromagnetic simulation and microstrip circuit experiments.
(3) coupler research, proposed a three port broadband coupler. The coupler is composed of dual frequency divider and the phase shifter which can realize the wideband phase shifter, and the frequency range to achieve flexible configuration parameters, simple calculation, without complicated calculation formula, thesis gives ideal circuit calculation, full wave electromagnetic the simulation and experimental verification of the microstrip circuit, the experimental data show that the structure of a work in the frequency of three port coupler 2.6GHz 90 degrees - 10 degrees phase shift bandwidth of up to 92.7%.
(4) the research of dual band stop filter, based on a coupled line dual band bandstop filter is presented. The filter has simple and compact structure, adjustable frequency ratio analysis, resistance with high selectivity, the paper gives a detailed theoretical analysis, parameter design and calculation formula of ideal circuit, full wave electromagnetic simulation and microstrip circuit experimental verification, the experimental data show that using this structure to achieve a stopband center frequency bandwidth were 3dB resistance and 1.16GHz 0.84GHz dual band bandstop filter with 24.4% and 17.2%. respectively in this part of the main research results have been published in SCI journals Electronics Letters magazine.
(5) application of the feed network, this paper proposed feed network of the successful implementation of a dual band circularly polarized antenna and antenna array is proposed. A group with the broadband coupler as a dual band circularly polarized antenna feed network, implemented in 2.1GHz (UMTS, Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems 2.45GHz (WLAN) and band Wireless Local, Area Network) band small frequency ratio of dual band circular polarization antenna, the frequency ratio is 1.167; dual frequency Gysel power divider is proposed in this paper as the feed network of the antenna array, the dual band circular polarization antenna array with four antennas, antenna gain is improved 5.7dBi, 3dB axis two the frequency bandwidth ratio were increased by 19% and 95%. antenna experiment results further verified the feasibility and practicability of the proposed feed network.

【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN820.15

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