基于Android手机的室内定位技术研究与实现

发布时间：2018-02-26 12:17

本文关键词： 室内定位 WiFi PDR Android 步长估算　出处：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：室内定位是指当人或者物体在室内时,获取其位置信息的定位技术。由于GPS(Global Positioning System)全球定位系统在全世界的普及,室外定位技术已经非常成熟,但是,在室内接收的GPS信号非常微弱,甚至接收不到,故室内定位需要采用新技术。目前,可用于室内定位的技术有很多,包括RFID、蓝牙、红外、UWB、 ZigBee、WiFi和行人航迹推算PDR(Pedestrian Dead Reckoning)技术等。行人航迹推算PDR技术是一种基于传感器信息计算行人相对位置的定位技术,它首先通过加速度传感器检测行人的步数并估算出步长,然后通过磁阻传感器和陀螺仪计算出行人的方位角,最后获取人体移动的相对位置从而实现定位。相较于其他室内定位方法,行人航迹推算PDR不受外界环境影响,定位精度较高,但只能获取相对位置信息,且存在累积误差；而WiFi定位是基于设备接收到的WiFi热点的信号强度,来计算物体的位置信息,因此通过WiFi定位可获取绝对位置信息,可用来减小PDR定位累积误差,但是WiFi定位精度易受外界环境的影响。因此本文使用行人航迹推算PDR和WiFi联合定位技术,实现高精度和高稳定性的室内定位。此外,由于WiFi热点已经广泛存在于室内空间,因此此种联合定位方式一般不需要额外布置其他硬件设备。现在,智能手机越来越普及,WiFi成了必备功能,大多数智能手机也内置了加速度传感器和磁阻传感器,少数手机还内置了陀螺仪和气压计,因此直接使用智能手机实现室内定位成为了研究热点。本文以Android智能手机XIAOMI M1作为硬件平台,设计并实现了行人航迹推算PDR和WiFi联合室内定位系统。首先,在Android手机上设计并实现WiFi室内定位；然后,基于Android手机平台设计并实现行人航迹推算PDR技术,并提出新的步长估计算法以提高定位精度；最后,提出行人航迹推算PDR和WiFi联合室内定位技术的融合策略,并用实验验证。本文主要研究的内容和实现的工作有： (1)在WiFi网络基础上,研究和设计了基于Android手机平台的室内定位技术,并搭建基于WiFi定位的服务器； (2)研究和实现了基于Android平台的行人航迹推算PDR技术； (3)提出新的步长估计算法,并设计实验验证其提高了步长估算的精度； (4)提出行人航迹推算PDR和WiFi联合的室内定位技术的融合策略,并设计实验验证。
[Abstract]:Indoor positioning refers to the positioning technology that obtains the position information of people or objects when they are indoors. Due to the popularity of GPS(Global Positioning system in the world, outdoor positioning technology is very mature, but, The GPS signal received in the room is very weak, even can not be received, so indoor positioning needs to adopt new technology. At present, there are many technologies that can be used in indoor positioning, including RFID, Bluetooth, Infrared UWB, ZigBeeWiFi and PDR(Pedestrian Dead Recogning. The PDR technology of pedestrian track estimation is a kind of location technology which calculates the relative position of pedestrians based on sensor information. It first detects the pedestrian step number and estimates the step size by acceleration sensor. Then the azimuth of the traveller is calculated by the magnetoresistive sensor and the gyroscope, and the relative position of the human body is obtained. Compared with other indoor positioning methods, the pedestrian trajectory calculates that the PDR is not affected by the external environment. The positioning accuracy is high, but only the relative position information can be obtained, and there are accumulative errors, while the WiFi location is based on the signal strength of the WiFi hot spot received by the device to calculate the position information of the object, so the absolute position information can be obtained through the WiFi positioning. It can be used to reduce the cumulative error of PDR positioning, but the positioning accuracy of WiFi is easy to be affected by the external environment. Therefore, in this paper, the joint positioning technology of PDR and WiFi is used to realize the indoor positioning with high accuracy and high stability. Because the WiFi hot spot already exists widely in the indoor space, so this kind of joint localization way generally does not need to arrange the other hardware equipment. Today, smartphones are becoming more and more popular with WiFi as a must-have feature. Most smartphones also have accelerometers and magnetoresistive sensors, and a few have gyroscopes and barometers. Therefore, direct use of smart phones to achieve indoor positioning has become a research hotspot. In this paper, the Android smart phone XIAOMI M1 is used as the hardware platform to design and implement a pedestrian track reckoning PDR and WiFi joint indoor positioning system. Design and implement WiFi indoor positioning on Android mobile phone; then, design and implement the PDR technology based on Android mobile phone platform, and propose a new step size estimation algorithm to improve the positioning accuracy. The fusion strategy of pedestrian track reckoning (PDR) and WiFi combined indoor positioning technology is put forward and verified by experiments. The main contents and implementation work of this paper are as follows:. 1) on the basis of WiFi network, the indoor positioning technology based on Android mobile platform is studied and designed, and the server based on WiFi is built. 2) the PDR technology of pedestrian track estimation based on Android platform is studied and realized. (3) A new step size estimation algorithm is proposed, and an experiment is designed to verify that it improves the precision of step size estimation. Finally, the fusion strategy of PDR and WiFi indoor positioning technology is put forward, and the experiment is designed to verify it.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.53;TN92

【参考文献】