基于无线传感器网络的工业环境氨气泄露监测报警系统

发布时间：2018-02-26 12:21

本文关键词： 氨气泄露监测 GSM模块 LabVIEW ZigBee 无线传感器网络　出处：《哈尔滨理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：氨气是一种重要的化工原料，在工业生产中有着广泛的应用，但如果操作不当，就会引发危险。由于氨泄露具有易中毒伤亡、易燃烧爆炸、易发次生事故等特点，因此处置难度较大。在工业环境中，由于管理不善，设备陈旧，管道破裂，阀门松动等原因，经常发生氨气泄露并且引发一系列较为严重的事故。而目前国内的事故预防措施还不完善，危险发生往往不能第一时间发现并采取措施。现有的气体监测系统大多依赖有线通信，系统体积大，，安装检修都比较困难。一旦遇到监控终端与主控终端距离较远或布线困难的环境则难以实现有效监控。随着无线传感器网络理论的成熟和ZigBee协议的出现，无线传感器网络在环境监测等领域开始有了广泛的应用。本文采用ZigBee无线技术来搭建具备实时监测氨气浓度的设计方案。由于无线传感器节点体积小，移动方便，而且能自动组网，所以布局十分方便。近几年都开始采用无线技术来实现对污染气体的监测，在国内外的研究也非常活跃。本文首先介绍了氨气监测的目的和意义，分析了氨气泄露的特点和危险性。然后完成了系统终端节点和协调器的软硬件设计，LabVIEW软件设计了上位机监控界面。通过在终端节点搭载MQ137氨气传感器，使用STM8单片机采集氨气浓度数据，ZigBee模块将数据无线发送至协调器。上位机通过串口通信读取氨气的浓度数据。当氨气浓度超过预设定值时，则通过GSM模块将泄漏地址以短信的形式发给工作人员。在厂区、车间等氨气制造场所合理布置传感器节点，可以有效避免由于氨气的大规模扩散进而危害人们的生命和财产安全。
[Abstract]:Ammonia gas is an important chemical raw material, which is widely used in industrial production, but if it is not properly operated, it will cause danger. In the industrial environment, due to poor management, obsolete equipment, broken pipes, loose valves, and so on, Ammonia leakage often occurs and leads to a series of serious accidents. However, at present, the domestic accident prevention measures are not perfect, the danger often can not be detected and taken measures at the first time. Most of the existing gas monitoring systems rely on wired communications. It is difficult to install and overhaul. Once the monitoring terminal is far from the main control terminal or the wiring is difficult, it is difficult to realize effective monitoring. With the maturity of the theory of wireless sensor network and the appearance of ZigBee protocol, Wireless sensor network (WSN) has been widely used in environmental monitoring and other fields. In this paper, ZigBee wireless technology is used to set up a design scheme with real-time monitoring of ammonia concentration. Because of the small size of wireless sensor nodes, the wireless sensor nodes are easy to move. In recent years, wireless technology has been used to monitor the pollution gas, and the research is very active at home and abroad. This paper first introduces the purpose and significance of ammonia gas monitoring. The characteristics and danger of ammonia leakage are analyzed. Then, the software and hardware design of the terminal node and coordinator of the system is completed. LabVIEW software designs the monitor interface of the upper computer. By using MQ137 ammonia gas sensor at the terminal node, the monitoring interface of the upper computer is designed. The STM8 singlechip is used to collect the ammonia concentration data and ZigBee module sends the data to the coordinator wirelessly. The upper computer reads the ammonia concentration data through serial communication. When the ammonia concentration exceeds the preset value, Then the leak address is sent to the staff by GSM module in the form of short message. The sensor nodes are arranged reasonably in the plant, workshop and other ammonia gas manufacturing sites. It can effectively avoid the large-scale spread of ammonia and endanger people's lives and property safety.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP277;TN929.5;TP212.9

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