基于电磁能量人工调控的多波束天线

发布时间：2018-02-28 09:55

本文关键词： 人工电磁调控多波束天线均匀性单轴各向异性　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：多波束天线自20世纪60年代诞生以来，就在卫星通信、雷达、电子对抗等领域获得了广泛的应用。进入21世纪以来更是广泛应用于被动毫米波成像，毫米波雷达，高数据传输率的卫星通信。传统反射面多波束天线体积较大且笨重，而相控阵天线的馈电及相移网络复杂，设计成本高昂。电磁调控的透镜类多波束天线则具有成本低波束一致性好优点。而变换光学的出现在人工电磁调控领域如隐身，幻觉光学有广泛应用，其中一个重要应用的应用是设计多波束天线。本文提出了一种基于变换光学的N波束天线设计的一般方法。构成该天线的超薄透镜电磁参数具有均匀性和单轴各向异性的特点。传统变换光学函数映射会引入电磁参数的非均匀性，我们采用线性变换函数，从而消除了透镜电磁参数的非均匀性因而更有利于实际工程中的加工设计。在近场，该转换媒质可以使点源辐射的均匀球面波转换为设计方向的准均匀平面波。表现在远场上，即点源的全向辐射则变成了各个特定方向的定向辐射。由于变换函数作用对称的变换区域，各波束形状差异性小，保持了良好的一致性。由于采用单个偶极子天线作为馈源极大地降低了传统多喇叭天线构成的多波束天线系统馈电网络的复杂性。同时，，转换媒质的单层介质基板的特性相对于金属喇叭具有轻量化、体积小的优点，降低了成本。为了验证我们的理论设计，我们加工制造并测试了一个四波束天线。在简化的TE模式下，转换媒质仅仅需要构造介电常数一个z方向的分量，我们采用介质基板上印制金属带条人工构造了这种媒质。测试结果表明该天线四个波束增益较馈源偶极子天线提高了6dB，由于阻抗的不匹配程度较小，它的带宽和反射系数几乎保持不变。工作在无线局域网覆盖的5.3GHz到5.7GHz频段内，可应用于多输入多输出系统。针对变换光学简化参数后阻抗不匹配的不足，我们还研究了基于阻抗匹配的惠更斯面电磁调控，对平面波进行了汇聚和偏折仿真实验。汇聚实验仿真结果表明，汇聚焦点场强为原来1.72倍。我们提出的人工电磁调控的方法仅仅需要单层透镜，透镜电磁参数具有均匀性和单轴各向异性的优点可应用于多波束天线系统设计及其他微波器件的设计，对提高我国新一代的卫星通信系统和雷达系统具有重要理论和实际应用价值。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of multi-beam antenna in 1960s, it has been widely used in satellite communication, radar, electronic countermeasure and other fields. Since 21th century, it has been widely used in passive millimeter wave imaging, millimeter wave radar, etc. Traditional reflector multi-beam antenna is large and bulky, while phased array antenna is complex in feed and phase shift network. The design cost is high. The lens multi-beam antenna with electromagnetic control has the advantages of low cost and good beam consistency. However, the appearance of transform optics in artificial electromagnetic control fields such as stealth, hallucination optics has a wide range of applications. One of the important applications is the design of multi-beam antennas. In this paper, a general design method of N-beam antenna based on transform optics is presented. The electromagnetic parameters of ultra-thin lens are uniform and uniaxial anisotropy. The inhomogeneity of electromagnetic parameters, We use the linear transformation function to eliminate the inhomogeneity of the electromagnetic parameters of the lens, which is more favorable to the machining design in the practical engineering. The transformation medium can convert the uniform spherical wave emitted from the point source into a quasi-uniform plane wave in the design direction. That is, the omnidirectional radiation of the point source becomes directional radiation in each particular direction. Due to the symmetrical transformation area of the transformation function, the difference of the shape of the beam is small. Because the single dipole antenna is used as the feed, the complexity of the multi-beam antenna system is greatly reduced. At the same time, The characteristics of the monolayer dielectric substrate of the conversion medium have the advantages of light weight, small volume and low cost compared with the metal horn. To verify our theoretical design, we fabricated and tested a four-beam antenna. In a simplified te mode, the conversion medium only needs to construct a component of the dielectric constant in the z direction. This medium is constructed manually by using printed metal strip on the dielectric substrate. The test results show that the gain of the four beams of the antenna is 6 dB higher than that of the feed dipole antenna, and the impedance mismatch is smaller than that of the feed dipole antenna. Its bandwidth and reflection coefficient remain almost unchanged. It can be used in multi-input and multi-output systems in the range of 5.3GHz to 5.7GHz covered by WLAN. We also study the electromagnetic control of Huygens surface based on impedance matching. The convergence and deflection experiments of plane waves are carried out. The simulation results show that, The intensity of the focus field is 1.72 times that of the original. The artificial electromagnetic control method proposed by us requires only a single lens. The lens electromagnetic parameters have the advantages of uniformity and uniaxial anisotropy, which can be used in the design of multi-beam antenna system and other microwave devices. It has important theoretical and practical application value for improving the new generation of satellite communication system and radar system in China.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN820

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