基于TDOA的无线传感器网络定位系统研究与设计

发布时间：2018-03-01 16:50

本文关键词： 无线传感器网络定位算法定位系统 TDOA 超声波信号　出处：《昆明理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：节点定位问题是无线传感器网络(WSN)面临的一个难点,科技的发展与进步使得对无线传感器网络定位的要求也与日俱增。没有合理的定位技术,无线传感器网络的应用范围将受到极大的限制,目前改进定位技术突破点体现在改进节点硬件设计以及定位算法两方面。本论文先讲述了无线传感器网络的发展历程,对无线传感器网络的各方面进行综合分析研究。经历多年的研究探索,无线传感器网络的定位技术主要分为两大类：“非测距”和“测距”。通过对这两类定位算法进行全面分析、比较,最后在测距类的定位技术领域中,对TDOA定位系统进行研究。本论文利用TDOA原理设计一种定位方法,通过Matlab仿真结果证明其有效性。为验证本论文提出的TDOA定位方法在硬件平台上运行具有有效性,同时考虑到TDOA定位方法中拥有两种不同的定位模式,设计了一种基于TDOA的无线传感器网络定位系统SNC_Micaz,并通过SNC_Micaz定位系统测试了三边定位算法。本论文的主要工作分为两部分：第一部分：本论文提出一种改进的PSO算法与Taylor算法协同定位的TDOA定位方法。在不同噪声下,将现有的CHAN算法、Taylor算法、PSO算法、SelPSO算法(基于自然选择机理的PSO算法)进行比较,通过MATLAB仿真验证：本论文提出的TDOA定位方法用于提高定位精度是否具有可行性,同时算法的收敛速度是否高于其他几种算法。第二部分：为验证第一部分工作中提出的协同定位算法,使用TDOA定位原理,本论文设计了一种定位系统SNC_Micaz。为追求高精度的定位效果,使用超声波信号和RF信号到达时间差的TDOA方式设计硬件,并在设计的硬件平台上测试三边定位算法。实验结果表明：本论文设计的定位算法在定位精度,以及收敛性上都有明显的效果,证明了本论文提出的定位算法的有效性,在本论文设计的硬件平台上实现厘米精度的节点定位,表明硬件平台的实用的价值,可以作为本论文设计的TDOA定位算法验证的硬件平台。
[Abstract]:The problem of node localization is a difficult problem for WSNs. With the development of science and technology, the demand for wireless sensor network localization is increasing day by day. The application scope of wireless sensor networks will be greatly limited. At present, the breakthrough of improved localization technology lies in the improvement of node hardware design and localization algorithm. This paper first describes the development of wireless sensor networks, comprehensive analysis of all aspects of wireless sensor networks. The localization technology of wireless sensor networks is divided into two main categories: "non-ranging" and "ranging". Through the comprehensive analysis and comparison of these two kinds of localization algorithms, the TDOA positioning system is studied in the field of location technology. In this paper, a positioning method is designed based on the principle of TDOA, and its validity is proved by Matlab simulation results. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed TDOA positioning method on the hardware platform, Considering that there are two different localization modes in the TDOA localization method, a wireless sensor network location system based on TDOA is designed, and the triangulation algorithm is tested through the SNC_Micaz localization system. The main work of this thesis is divided into two parts:. Part one: this paper presents an improved TDOA localization method based on PSO algorithm and Taylor algorithm. Under different noises, the existing CHAN algorithm, PSO algorithm, is compared with that of PSO algorithm based on natural selection mechanism. MATLAB simulation shows whether the proposed TDOA localization method is feasible to improve the positioning accuracy and whether the convergence rate of the algorithm is higher than that of other algorithms. The second part: in order to verify the cooperative localization algorithm proposed in the first part, using the principle of TDOA localization, this paper designs a positioning system named SNC Micaz. in order to pursue the high precision localization effect, The hardware is designed by using the TDOA mode of the time difference of arrival between ultrasonic signal and RF signal, and the triangulation algorithm is tested on the designed hardware platform. The experimental results show that the localization algorithm designed in this paper has obvious effect on localization accuracy and convergence, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed localization algorithm in this paper. The node location with centimeter precision is realized on the hardware platform designed in this paper, which shows the practical value of the hardware platform and can be used as the hardware platform for the verification of the TDOA localization algorithm designed in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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