小型化超宽带天线及其阵列研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 02:17

本文选题：Vivaldi　切入点：宽带　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了满足现代卫星、无线通信和雷达系统的多信道和多功能特性，对宽带天线的性能提出了越来越多的指标。在这些领域，宽带相控阵天线的地位非常突出。本文以Vivaldi天线为研究对象，将其分为两部分：馈电结构和渐变曲线辐射结构。采用宽带微带——槽线转换结构给Vivaldi天线馈电。由于阵列天线对单元特性要求更为严格，尤其对于宽带天线，为了抑制栅瓣的出现，需要天线单元尺寸足够小。本文研究了加载矩形缝隙波纹结构的微带——槽线馈电Vivaldi天线和微带馈电对踵Vivaldi天线。通过加载该波纹结构，可以增加表面电流的有效路径，实现小型化。最终设计了变化率更缓慢的余弦型曲线，该天线宽度仅14mm(最低频率波长的0.36倍)，工作带宽为7.7~18.9GHz；另外设计了一款小型化对踵Vivaldi天线，通过加载横向和纵向的缝隙波纹改善其方向性和缩小横向尺寸，横向波纹可以增加电流的有效路径，而纵向波纹可以抑制后瓣，起到改变表面电流方向的作用，增加天线的方向性，其带宽可达7.7~20.0GHz，，天线宽度仅11mm(最低频率波长的0.29倍)。采用设计好的单元组成一维1×5的E面天线阵，其最大扫描角度为22°，而H面天线阵最大扫描角为34°。为了降低副瓣电平，馈电采用Taylor幅度加权的方式。最后研究了二维天线阵，通过控制相位，可以在X波段实现二维扫描。本文为超宽带天线小型化和天线阵二维扫描方面的探索和研究提供新的思路，有一定深入研究的价值。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the multichannel and multifunctional characteristics of modern satellite, wireless communication and radar systems, more and more indicators are proposed for the performance of wideband antennas. The position of wideband phased array antenna is very prominent. This paper takes Vivaldi antenna as research object, divides it into two parts: feed structure and gradual curve radiation structure, and feed Vivaldi antenna with wideband microstrip slotted line conversion structure. Because the array antenna is more strict to the element characteristic, especially for the wideband antenna, in order to restrain the appearance of the grid lobe, The size of the antenna element is small enough. In this paper, the microstrip Vivaldi antenna fed by the rectangular slot ripple and the microstrip feed pair Vivaldi antenna are studied. By loading the corrugated structure, the effective path of the surface current can be increased. Miniaturization. Finally, a more slowly changing cosine curve is designed, the antenna width is only 14mm (0.36 times of the lowest frequency wavelength, the operating bandwidth is 7.7m 18.9 GHz), and a miniaturized Vivaldi antenna is designed. By loading transverse and longitudinal crevice ripples to improve their directionality and reduce their transverse dimensions, transverse ripples can increase the effective path of current, while longitudinal ripples can suppress the back lobe and play the role of changing the direction of surface current. By increasing the directivity of the antenna, the bandwidth of the antenna is up to 7.7V 20.0GHz, and the antenna width is only 11mm (0.29 times of the lowest frequency wavelength). In order to reduce the sidelobe level, one dimensional E plane antenna array with 1 脳 5 plane and H plane antenna array has a maximum scanning angle of 22 掳and a maximum scanning angle of 34 掳. In order to reduce the sidelobe level, the Taylor amplitude weighting method is used to feed the antenna. Finally, the two-dimensional antenna array is studied. By controlling the phase, two-dimensional scanning can be realized in X-band. This paper provides new ideas for the miniaturization of ultra-wideband antenna and two-dimensional scanning of antenna array.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN822.8

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