移动自组织网络按需单播路由协议研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 19:09

本文选题：移动自组织网络　切入点：后备路由　出处：《西北工业大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着便携式移动计算设备的小型化和实用化，移动无线网络在人类社会生活中的地位越来越重要，有着广泛的应用需求。移动自组织网络是移动无线网络的一个重要发展方向，路由协议是移动自组织网络研究的核心问题之一。移动自组织网络拓扑变化快，网络资源有限，要求路由协议具有较小的路由控制开销和较好的自适应性。按需路由协议仅在需要时才寻找路由，适用于移动自组织网络。本文以国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)等项目等为研究背景，针对车载自组织网络(VANET)、无线网状网(WMN)等移动自组织网络的特点，研究按需单播路由协议。从提高路由协议性能，对路由协议的网络流量复杂度分析和提高路由协议的安全性三个方面进行研究，具有一定的理论价值和重要的工程应用价值。主要研究工作和创新点如下： 1)因链路错误导致的频繁重启路由发现过程会增大网络控制开销，并导致路由协议性能降低。传统的后备路由协议仅在链路出错时才使用后备路由来进行局部修复，无法适应快速的网络拓扑变化。本文提出的后备路由协议及时对路由进行微调，减少了整条路由断开的概率，降低了网络控制开销，提高了路由协议的自适应性。同时在小范围内进行局部路由修复，提高了局部修复的成功率和效率。本文提出的后备路由协议在经典后备路由协议AODV-ABL的基础上改进而来。通过合并主路由和后备路由，并在监听数据分组时同步更新路由，路由能尽快地得到优化。本文提出的路由协议有两种实现方案：AODV-FABL和AODV-BFABL。AODV-FABL通过监听数据分组实时维护正向路由信息。AODV-BFABL则针对双向不对称流量的应用场景，同时维护正反两个方向上的路由信息。仿真实验表明，提出的两种后备路由协议提高了响应速度，减低了网络控制开销，对节点运动速度和网络负载的自适应性也较强。提出的后备路由协议平均时延仅为AODV的70%以下，表现出良好的时延性能。 2)不稳定的路由会带来频繁的路由发现过程，增大网络控制开销，降低路由协议性能。车载自组网(VANET)是移动自组织网络的一种实用形式，其运动信息可作为路由判据来提高路由的稳定性。针对车载自组织网，兼顾考虑路由的稳定性和时延，提出了一种由链路有效时间、队列饱和度和跳数组成的综合路由判据。使用此综合路由判据，对经典按需路由协议AODV进行改进，实现了一种基于链路稳定性加权的路由协议AODV-CM。该协议通过寻找稳定的路由，减少了路由断开的概率，均衡了网络负载，从而提高了路由协议性能。实验结果表明，AODV-CM的路由发现频率仅为AODV的70%左右，稳定性高于AODV。 3)分析路由协议导致的网络流量复杂度，可为路由协议设计提供重要依据。移动自组织网络的网络流量在不同的时间尺度下表现出不同的复杂度。网络流量复杂度成因复杂，难于精确描述。路由协议与网络流量复杂度之间关系的研究仍处于起步阶段。本文引入基于多尺度熵的复杂度分析方法对路由协议和网络流量复杂度之间的关系进行研究和分析。以经典路由协议AODV和本文提出的AODV-FABL和AODV-CM路由协议引起的网络流量为研究对象，定量的分析了其在不同时间尺度下的复杂性。分析结果验证了这些路由协议在小时间尺度下网络流量复杂度高且波动较大，在大时间尺度下网络流量复杂度低且具有长程相关性。指出并分析了这些路由协议网络流量复杂度与网络拓扑变化速度之间的关系。 4)路由协议安全性是路由协议研究的一个重要问题。灰洞攻击是一种常见的内部路由攻击方式，具有隐蔽性和破坏性。传统的移动自组织网络灰洞检测方法利用邻居监听技术来判断灰洞节点，未考虑到无线网状网(WMN)的结构特点，，缺乏全局判断。此外，当多个节点发现某个节点是灰洞节点时，将向全网广播此信息，导致广播风暴。无线网状网是移动自组织网络的一种扩展形式，网关节点连接其中的有线网络和无线网络。本文针对无线网状网分布式控制和中心控制混合结构的特点，提出了一种基于网关的灰洞检测路由协议GBGHD。GBGHD中，网关节点分析和综合处理无线节点收集到的监测信息来判断出灰洞节点，并通过捎带技术来降低路由开销，避免网络风暴。实验结果表明，本文提出的灰洞检测算法迅速有效，排除了灰洞节点，改善了网络性能。当预设灰洞节点丢包率不小于0.3时，在10秒内就可检测出灰洞节点。
[Abstract]:With the miniaturization of portable mobile computing devices and the utility of mobile wireless network is becoming more and more important in the life of human society, has a wide range of applications. Mobile ad hoc network is an important development direction of mobile wireless network, routing protocol is one of the key issues in the study of self organization network of mobile mobile ad hoc. Rapid change of network topology, cyber source, routing control overhead and better adaptive routing protocols have smaller. On-demand routing protocol can find only when you need for mobile ad hoc networks.
Based on the national high technology research and development program (863 Program) and other projects such as the research background, for vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), wireless mesh network (WMN) characteristics of mobile ad hoc networks, research on-demand unicast routing protocol. In order to improve the performance of routing protocol, the road network traffic by the protocol complexity analysis to study and improve the three aspects of routing protocol security, has a certain theoretical value and important value of engineering application. The main research work and innovations are as follows:
1) due to frequent link error restart the route discovery process will increase the cost of network control, and reduce the performance of routing protocol. The traditional routing protocols only in the backup link error when using backup route for local repair, can not adapt to the rapid changes in the network topology. The proposed routing protocol to reserve the fine-tuning of the route. To reduce the probability of the whole route is disconnected, reduce the overhead of the network, improve the adaptive routing protocol. At the same time the local route repair in a small area, improve the repair efficiency and success rate.
Reserve the proposed routing protocol and improved based on classic backup routing protocol AODV-ABL. By combining the main path and the backup path, and synchronous update in monitoring data packet routing, routing can quickly be optimized. The proposed routing protocol has two schemes: AODV-FABL and AODV-BFABL.AODV-FABL by monitoring data packets in real time maintenance the forward routing information.AODV-BFABL application scenarios for two-way asymmetric traffic, while maintaining the routing information of two positive and negative directions. Simulation results show that the two kinds of backup routing protocol proposed on improved response speed, reduce the overhead of the network, the adaptive node moving speed and network load backup routing protocol which is also strong. The average delay is only less than 70% of AODV, showing good delay performance.
2) unstable routing will bring frequent route discovery process, network control and increase the cost, reduce the performance of routing protocol. Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a kind of practical form of mobile ad hoc networks, the routing information can be used as criterion to improve the stability of the route. For VANET routing, taking into account the stability and delay, this paper presents a link time, integrated routing queue saturation and hop composition. Using this integrated routing criterion, the classic on-demand routing protocol AODV is improved to achieve a weighted link stability routing protocol this protocol based on AODV-CM. by looking for stable routing, reduces the probability disconnect the routing, balance the network load, so as to improve the performance of routing protocol. The experimental results show that the AODV-CM route discovery frequency is only about 70% of AODV, the stability is higher than that of AODV.
3) analysis of network traffic routing protocol leads to complexity, and can provide an important basis for the design of routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks. The network traffic at different time scales show different complexity. The complexity of network traffic causes are complex, it is difficult to accurately describe. Research of routing protocol and the complexity of the relationship between network traffic is still in the initial stage. This paper introduces complex analysis method of multiscale entropy based on the routing protocols of network traffic and the relationship between the complexity of the research and analysis.
Network traffic is proposed to classic AODV routing protocol and the AODV-FABL and AODV-CM routing protocol is caused as the research object, quantitative analysis in different time scales. The complexity analysis results verify these routing protocols in small time scale network traffic with high complexity and large fluctuation, in large time scale network traffic low degree and has long range correlation. These protocols are pointed out and analyzed the complex relationship between network traffic and network topology change speed.
4) security routing protocol is an important problem in research of the routing protocol. The gray hole attack is a common internal routing attacks, with concealment and destruction. The traditional mobile ad hoc network gray hole detection method using neighbor monitoring technology to determine the gray hole nodes, without considering the wireless mesh network (WMN) the structure characteristics, the lack of global judgment. In addition, when the number of nodes that a node is a gray hole node, the whole network to broadcast this information, cause the broadcast storm.
Wireless mesh network is an extended form of mobile ad hoc network, cable network gateway nodes which connect and wireless network. According to the characteristics of wireless mesh network, distributed control and control center of the hybrid structure, we propose a GBGHD.GBGHD based routing protocol gateway gray hole detection, monitoring information analysis and comprehensive treatment of the wireless gateway node the node collected to determine the gray hole node, and through the piggyback technique to reduce the routing overhead, and avoid the network storm. The experimental results show that the gray hole detection algorithm is proposed in this paper effectively ruled out the gray hole node, improve the network performance. When the preset gray hole node packet loss rate is not less than 0.3, in 10 seconds you can detect gray hole nodes.

【学位授予单位】：西北工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN92

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