多站雷达目标定位方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 11:11

本文选题：定位方法　切入点：定位精度GDOP　出处：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在电子战中,对威胁目标辐射源进行高精度定位利于使用可靠打击武器摧毁敌方平台,这是一项很重要的任务。对目标进行定位的方法很多,本文主要介绍了有源雷达和无源雷达定位。传统的有源雷达很容易被摧毁,不能完成给定任务,自身的生存也受到威胁。无源雷达自身不发射信号,采用被动的工作方式,隐蔽性好,生存能力强,但是一般情况下定位精度比有源定位差。本文介绍了几种现有的定位方法,都是通过三个或三个以上的曲面或平面在三维空间相交从而确定空间的一个点,实现对空中目标的定位。其中多站斜距离测量定位是利用目标到各雷达站的斜距离信息。无源定位系统包括测向交叉定位,测时差定位以及测向测时差定位。测向测时差定位又分为结合方位角的无源时差定位方法和结合俯仰角的无源时差定位。首先,介绍了各种定位方法的基本原理和定位精度几何稀释GDOP的概念;并对各种定位原理和定位精度进行了理论推导;根据定位算法中可能产生的定位模糊问题进行了分析并阐述了几种解除定位模糊的方法。分析了Y形和菱形分布的定位精度,并通过改变不同的参数讨论了时差测量精度,角度测量精度,站址误差,站间距离,目标距离观测平面的高度等因素对定位精度的影响。其次,分析了提高定位性能的方法。传统无源测时差定位技术对低空目标定位性能差,提出了在主站增加俯仰角信息的方法。通过增加接收站的数量,产生多余的子系统,利用简化加权最小二乘法对各个子系统进行数据融合,充分利用所有的信息,既能有效去除定位模糊,又能提高定位精度。并通过仿真比较了结合方位角的三站无源时差定位和两站无源时差定位的定位精度,证实了增加观测站能提高定位性能。最后,本文详细讨论了站址误差的校正,并且提出了一种利用不同位置的目标回波信号校正站址误差的方法。通过两两雷达站之间以及目标与雷达站之间的距离,采用线性最小均方误差(LMMSE)准则估计雷达雷达站的位置误差,进而得到校正后的雷达站的位置,然后利用校正后雷达站的位置信息重新对目标进行定位,该方法能有效地提高对目标的定位精度。
[Abstract]:In electronic warfare, it is a very important task to locate the radiation source of the threat target with high precision, which is helpful to destroy the enemy platform with the reliable attack weapon. There are many methods to locate the target. This paper mainly introduces the localization of active radar and passive radar. The traditional active radar is easily destroyed and can not complete the given task, and its own survival is also threatened. The passive radar does not transmit signals and adopts a passive working mode. It has good concealment and strong survivability, but in general, the positioning accuracy is worse than that of active positioning. This paper introduces several existing positioning methods. Is to determine a point in space by intersecting three or more surfaces or planes in three dimensions. The position of air target is realized. The multi-station oblique distance measurement and positioning is based on the oblique distance information from the target to each radar station. The passive positioning system includes direction finding and cross-locating. Time difference location and direction finding time difference positioning. Direction finding time difference location is divided into passive moveout location method combined with azimuth angle and passive moveout location combined with pitch angle. The basic principles of various positioning methods and the concept of geometric dilution of positioning accuracy (GDOP) are introduced, and the theoretical derivation of various positioning principles and positioning accuracy is given. According to the localization fuzzy problem that may occur in the localization algorithm, this paper analyses several methods to remove the location ambiguity, analyzes the positioning accuracy of Y shape and diamond distribution, and discusses the accuracy of time difference measurement by changing different parameters. Angle measurement accuracy, site error, distance between stations, height of the target distance observation plane and other factors affect the positioning accuracy. Secondly, This paper analyzes the methods to improve the positioning performance. The traditional passive time difference positioning technique is not good for low altitude target localization. The method of increasing the pitch angle information in the main station is put forward. By increasing the number of receiving stations, the redundant subsystems are generated. By using the simplified weighted least square method to fuse the data of each subsystem and make full use of all the information, the location ambiguity can be removed effectively. The positioning accuracy can also be improved. The accuracy of passive moveout location combined with azimuth angle is compared with that of two-station passive moveout location, and it is proved that increasing the observational station can improve the positioning performance. In this paper, the correction of station address error is discussed in detail, and a method of correcting station address error by using target echo signal in different positions is proposed, which is based on the distance between two radar stations and between the target and the radar station. The linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) criterion is used to estimate the position error of radar radar radar station, and then the position of the corrected radar station is obtained, and then the position information of the corrected radar station is used to relocate the target. This method can effectively improve the accuracy of target location.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN958

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