非平稳运动平台高分辨InSAR数据处理技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 15:29

  本文选题：合成孔径雷达　切入点：干涉合成孔径雷达　出处：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：干涉合成孔径雷达(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar)是大面积快速精确获取三维地形信息的重要手段。为适应快速响应需求和大型星载平台项目系统设计及算法验证的需要,搭载在飞机和汽车等非平稳运动平台上的InSAR系统在现代雷达技术的研究和发展中得到了越来越广泛地重视。这类平台上的InSAR系统响应迅速、机动性强且成本控制合理,但是数据录取过程中的非平稳运动给InSAR数据处理带来了新的挑战。本文针对非平稳运动平台InSAR系统,结合InSAR技术高分辨率的发展趋势,对InSAR数据处理技术进行研究,并根据工程化处理的需求,研究了InSAR数据处理的并行加速处理技术。具体的工作包括以下内容:1.研究了非平稳运动平台高分辨InSAR成像处理及其运动补偿方法。根据大量实测数据处理的经验,详细说明了现有实测处理数中使用POS数据确定实际航迹和“理想”航迹的方法,给出了如何计算干涉处理需要的参考航迹参数信息和完整的非平稳运动平台高分辨InSAR成像处理流程。2.通过对大量实测车载SAR/InSAR数据的处理和分析,总结了车载InSAR数据处理的实际问题,分析了车载SAR/InSAR系统对山观测时的数据录取几何,并在此基础上详细给出了基于先验地形信息获取车载SAR/InSAR运动补偿参数的方法,对实测数据的处理结果验证了给出的斜距差计算方法和InSAR成像处理流程。3.针对机载单航过InSAR系统,特别是“一发双收”干涉模式,研究了成像处理过程中运动补偿需要的斜距差的获取方法,根据给出的斜距差计算方法和成像处理流程对机载实测数据进行了处理,获得了良好的聚焦效果并能够将基线补偿为恒定矢量,提取的干涉条纹表明了此处理流程获得的单视复SAR图像对可以满足后续干涉处理的要求。4.在研究了InSAR干涉处理关键处理步骤及其典型算法的基础上,分析了非平稳运动平台高分辨InSAR干涉处理需要考虑的新问题,给出了非平稳运动平台高分辨InSAR干涉处理的流程。针对传统逐点InSAR定位处理速度慢的问题,提出了一种基于递推公式的InSAR定位新方法。最后对实测的机载和车载高分辨率InSAR数据进行了干涉处理,验证了给出的处理流程在工程实践中的可靠性,得到了细节信息清晰的原始DEM。5.针对雷达分辨率提升等因素造成的InSAR数据量增大、数据处理时间显著增加的问题,研究了加速InSAR数据处理的并行处理方法,使用OpenMP技术实现了多核CPU多线程处理,使用CUDA技术实现了CPU+GPU并行处理,两种并行计算加速处理手段在InSAR成像等处理步骤中都得到了较高的处理时间加速比,对于工程应用具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Interferometric Synthetic Aperture radar (ISAR) is an important means to obtain 3D terrain information quickly and accurately in large area. In the research and development of modern radar technology, InSAR systems, which are mounted on non-stationary moving platforms such as aircraft and automobiles, have been paid more and more attention. The InSAR systems on these platforms have rapid response, strong mobility and reasonable cost control. However, the non-stationary motion in the process of data acquisition brings a new challenge to the InSAR data processing. This paper studies the InSAR data processing technology based on the non-stationary motion platform InSAR system and the high resolution development trend of InSAR technology. And according to the needs of engineering treatment, The parallel acceleration processing technology of InSAR data processing is studied. The specific work includes the following contents: 1. The high-resolution InSAR imaging processing and motion compensation method of non-stationary moving platform are studied. The method of using POS data to determine the actual track and the "ideal" track in the actual measurement processing is described in detail. How to calculate the reference track parameter information for interference processing and the flow chart of high resolution InSAR imaging for non-stationary motion platform are given. 2. Through processing and analyzing a large number of measured SAR/InSAR data, This paper summarizes the practical problems of vehicle InSAR data processing, analyzes the data recording geometry of vehicular SAR/InSAR system for mountain observation, and on this basis, gives a detailed method to obtain the vehicle SAR/InSAR motion compensation parameters based on the prior terrain information. The processing results of the measured data verify the calculation method of slant distance difference and the InSAR imaging processing flow. 3. For the onboard InSAR system, especially the interference mode of "one send and two receiving", In this paper, the obliquity difference of motion compensation in imaging process is studied, and the airborne measured data are processed according to the calculation method and imaging processing flow. A good focusing effect is obtained and the baseline can be compensated as a constant vector. The extracted interference fringes show that the single view complex SAR image pairs obtained by this process can meet the requirements of subsequent interference processing. 4. Based on the study of the key steps of InSAR interference processing and its typical algorithms, This paper analyzes the new problems that need to be considered in the high-resolution InSAR interferometry processing of non-stationary moving platform, and gives the flow chart of high-resolution InSAR interferometric processing for non-stationary moving platform. Aiming at the problem of the slow processing speed of traditional point-by-point InSAR location processing, A new method of InSAR location based on recursive formula is proposed. Finally, the interference processing of airborne and vehicle-mounted high-resolution InSAR data is carried out, which verifies the reliability of the proposed processing flow in engineering practice. We get the original DEM.5. aiming at the problem of the increase of InSAR data amount and the significant increase of data processing time caused by radar resolution, we study the parallel processing method of accelerating InSAR data processing. The multi-core CPU multithread processing is realized by OpenMP technology, and the CPU GPU parallel processing is realized by CUDA technology. The two kinds of parallel computing accelerated processing methods have obtained higher processing time speedup ratio in InSAR imaging and other processing steps. It is of great significance for engineering application.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN957.52

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