多频圆极化天线的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-04-12 20:29

本文选题：多频圆极化 + 多模导航天线　；参考：《北京邮电大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年来,天线作为通信与导航设备的一个必要部件有了长足的发展。为了满足人们各方面的需求天线的设计要考虑的因素也越来越复杂。移动通信技术与多模卫星导航技术的发展,要求天线同时具有圆极化、多频段、小型化等特点。本文首先介绍了现代卫星导航技术的发展现状,说明了多模卫星导航系统的特点与优势,以及未来卫星导航技术朝着多模化发展的必然趋势,从而引出了多频圆极化天线广阔的应用需求。接着本文总结了四臂螺旋天线与微带天线实现圆极化与小型化的主要方法。本文在理论研究的基础上完成了一款三频段、圆极化的堆叠式微带天线的设计、仿真与加工测试工作。该天线具有结构简单、易于安装、体积小、成本低等优点。.天线的-10dB阻抗带宽与3dB轴比带宽都覆盖了GPS的L1波段(1.575GHz)以及两个S波段2.2GHz-2.4GHz,2.025GHz-2.11GHz。该天线在1.575GHz、2.05GHz、2.30GHz处的主极化增益为分别为5.42dBi,6.3dBi,6.09dBi,天线各方面的测试性能均可以满足GPS导航应用的需求。该天线的设计与仿真过程在全波电磁仿真软件CST中进行,并给出了天线完整的设计与分析过程,从最简单的微带圆极化天线的分析开始,逐步进行改进与优化,最终达到了比较理想的性能。为了更好地理解天线的工作原理,本文对天线的主要参数进行了扫描仿真分析,并对仿真结果进行了分析与总结。本文还提出了两款新颖的适用于手持终端的多频圆极化天线,两款天线的结构类似,均采用立体式设计,有效地缩小了天线占用的空间。在HFSS中完成了对天线的仿真与参数优化,对该天线进行了加工测试,测试结果与理论结果匹配效果良好,可以覆盖GPS和Galileo的Ll波段、GLONASS的L1C/A波段、北斗系统的.B1波段和GPS的L2C波段。各项测试指标都可以满足导航应用的需求。本文给出了天线设计的详细过程,并对该天线结构实现圆极化和双频化的原理进行了分析。本文还对天线结构中的主要参数在HFSS中进行了扫描仿真,并给出了一系列的仿真结果的对比分析,总结了各个参数对天线性能影响的基本规律。
[Abstract]:In recent years, antenna as a necessary component of communication and navigation equipment has made great progress.In order to meet the needs of people, the design of antenna is more and more complicated.With the development of mobile communication technology and multimode satellite navigation technology, antenna must have the characteristics of circular polarization, multi-frequency band and miniaturization.This paper first introduces the development status of modern satellite navigation technology, explains the characteristics and advantages of multi-mode satellite navigation system, and the inevitable trend of the future satellite navigation technology towards multi-mode development.Therefore, the wide application requirement of multi-frequency circular polarization antenna is introduced.Then the main methods of circular polarization and miniaturization of four-arm spiral antenna and microstrip antenna are summarized.In this paper, a three-band circular polarization stacked microstrip antenna is designed, simulated and fabricated on the basis of theoretical research.The antenna has the advantages of simple structure, easy installation, small size and low cost.Both the -10dB impedance bandwidth and the 3dB axis ratio bandwidth of the antenna cover the L1 band of GPS (1.575GHz) and the two S-band bands of 2.2GHz-2.4GHz 2.25GHz-2.11GHz.The main polarization gain of the antenna at 1.575GHz 2.05GHz is 5.42dBi-6.3dBi-6.09dBi. the testing performance of the antenna can meet the requirements of GPS navigation applications.The design and simulation process of the antenna is carried out in the full wave electromagnetic simulation software CST. The complete design and analysis process of the antenna is given, which is improved and optimized step by step from the analysis of the most simple microstrip circular polarization antenna.Finally, the better performance is achieved.In order to better understand the working principle of the antenna, the main parameters of the antenna are analyzed by scanning simulation in this paper, and the simulation results are analyzed and summarized.This paper also proposes two novel multi-frequency circularly polarized antennas suitable for handheld terminals. The two antennas have similar structures and are designed in a three-dimensional manner, which effectively reduces the space occupied by the antennas.The simulation and parameter optimization of the antenna are completed in HFSS. The antenna is machined and tested. The test results match well with the theoretical results, and can cover the L1C/A band of GLONASS in the L _ l band of GPS and Galileo.Beidou system. B1 band and GPS L 2 C band.Each test index can meet the requirements of navigation applications.In this paper, the detailed process of antenna design is given, and the principle of circular polarization and dual-frequency of the antenna structure is analyzed.In this paper, the main parameters of antenna structure are scanned in HFSS, and a series of simulation results are compared and analyzed, and the basic law of the influence of each parameter on antenna performance is summarized.
【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN821.1

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