阵列天线结构变形与RCS耦合建模及综合性能分析

发布时间：2018-04-14 12:32

本文选题：阵列天线 + 雷达散射截面　；参考：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：隐身技术在现代电子战中占有十分重要的地位,得到了越来越多的国家的重视和发展。随着外形隐身技术的发展和新型材料的应用,目标自身的雷达散射截面(RCS)已经非常小,因而阵列天线已经成为其所搭载的低可见平台RCS的主要贡献者。复杂服役环境引起的结构变形会使得阵列天线辐射性能恶化同时也会极大的影响阵列天线的散射性能,然而阵列天线RCS计算复杂,同时结构变形对散射性能的影响难以预估和计算,且国内外鲜有研究。因此,对阵列天线结构位移场与其RCS之间耦合关系的研究将变得非常重要。基于此,本文深入研究了阵列天线结构位移场与其电磁散射场之间的耦合关系,分析了结构变形对阵列天线散射性能的影响。同时,结合阵列天线辐射场性能,研究了阵列天线辐射和散射综合方法。本文的主要内容如下:(1)在不考虑阵列天线单元之间的互耦效应和边缘效应的情况下,从相位误差分析的角度出发,建立了阵列天线结构位移场与RCS耦合模型(SD-RCS)。通过将SD-RCS耦合模型计算结果和电磁分析软件FEKO实体建模仿真的结果进行比较,验证了耦合模型的准确性和有效性。并结合SD-RCS耦合模型,针对工程中阵列天线阵面变形常出现的马鞍面变形,分析了结构变形对于阵列天线散射性能的影响。仿真结果表明,随着阵面马鞍面变形的增大,阵列天线辐射性能下降而散射性能有所改善,当阵面最大变形maxzλ/4时阵列天线增益下降明显,同时RCS缩减明显。(2)针对结构变形会使得阵列天线辐射性能下降的同时可以在一定程度上改善其散射性能这一特点,基于SD-RCS耦合模型,提出了阵列天线辐射性能和散射性能综合优化方法。并结合粒子群优化算法(PSO),通过优化阵列天线中天线单元的安装高度,实现阵列天线辐射和散射性能综合最优。仿真实例表明,对于7×7面阵在增益损失1.29dB满足其辐射性能的前提下,其RCS缩减量可达到20.06dBsm,极大改善了阵列天线的散射性能。(3)针对倾斜安装时阵列天线散射主瓣偏离最大方向,副瓣成为阵列天线被探测的最大威胁,以及低副瓣对阵列天线辐射性能的重要性,同时考虑到以往实现辐射场低副瓣的方法中,幅度加权和相位加权在实现散射场低副瓣时效果甚微,以及密度加权中不等间距阵的不足,基于SD-RCS耦合模型,提出了通过密度加权中的稀疏阵同时实现辐射场和散射场低副瓣的方法。并结合遗传算法(GA),通过优化阵列天线单元排布,得到同时实现辐射场和散射场低副瓣的最优稀疏阵。仿真实例表明,对于单元间距为0.5λ,口径为10λ的等间距矩形栅格圆口阵,通过本文方法使得辐射场E面MSL为-24.98dB的同时RCS方向图MSL均小于-25dBsm,同时实现了阵列天线辐射场和散射场的低副瓣。
[Abstract]:Stealth technology plays an important role in modern electronic warfare and has been paid more and more attention and development in more and more countries.With the development of contour stealth technology and the application of new materials, the radar cross section (RCS) of the target itself has been very small, so the array antenna has become the main contributor to the RCS of its low visible platform.The structural deformation caused by complex service environment will worsen the radiation performance of array antenna and also greatly affect the scattering performance of array antenna. However, the RCS calculation of array antenna is complex.At the same time, the influence of structural deformation on scattering performance is difficult to predict and calculate, and there are few studies at home and abroad.Therefore, it is very important to study the coupling relationship between the displacement field of antenna array structure and its RCS.Based on this, the coupling relationship between the displacement field of array antenna structure and its electromagnetic scattering field is studied in depth, and the influence of structural deformation on the scattering performance of array antenna is analyzed.At the same time, combining the radiation field performance of array antenna, the radiation and scattering synthesis method of array antenna is studied.The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) without considering the mutual coupling effect and edge effect between array antenna elements, a coupling model of array antenna structure displacement field and RCS is established from the point of view of phase error analysis.The accuracy and validity of the coupled model are verified by comparing the results of the SD-RCS coupling model with that of the electromagnetic analysis software FEKO.Combined with the SD-RCS coupling model, the influence of structural deformation on the scattering performance of array antenna is analyzed in view of the saddle surface deformation that often occurs in engineering antenna array surface deformation.The simulation results show that with the increase of saddle deformation, the radiation performance of array antenna decreases and the scattering performance is improved. When the maximum deformation of array surface is maxz 位 / 4, the gain of array antenna decreases obviously.At the same time, the RCS reduction is obvious. (2) in view of the fact that the radiation performance of the array antenna can be reduced by structural deformation, the scattering performance can be improved to a certain extent. Based on the SD-RCS coupling model,A comprehensive optimization method for radiation and scattering performance of array antenna is proposed.Based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, the radiation and scattering performance of the array antenna is optimized by optimizing the installation height of the antenna elements in the array antenna.The simulation example shows that the RCS reduction of 7 脳 7 plane array can reach 20.06 dBsmwhen the gain loss 1.29dB satisfies its radiation performance, which greatly improves the scattering performance of the array antenna.Sidelobe is the greatest threat to array antenna detection, and the importance of low sidelobe to array antenna radiation performance.The amplitude weighting and phase weighting have little effect in the realization of low sidelobe of scattering field, and the deficiency of unequal spacing matrix in density weighting. Based on the SD-RCS coupling model,A method of realizing low sidelobe of radiation field and scattering field simultaneously by density weighted sparse array is proposed.Combined with genetic algorithm (GA), an optimal sparse array with low sidelobe of both radiation field and scattering field is obtained by optimizing the arrangement of array antenna elements.The simulation results show that for rectangular grid circular array with equal spacing of 0.5 位 and 10 位,By means of this method, the E plane MSL of the radiation field is -24.98 dB and the RCS pattern MSL is less than -25 dBsm. the low sidelobe of the radiation field and scattering field of the array antenna is realized at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN822

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