基于精确超声波TOF测量方法的ZigBee无线室内定位系统的研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 17:40

本文选题：无线传感网络 + 室内定位　；参考：《太原理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线通信技术和电子技术的快速发展促使传感器可以发展为低成本、低功耗、功能集成的传感器节点。传感器对信息的采集技术也从单一化模式向集成化、智能化、微型化和网络化方向发展,无线传感器网络应运而生,发展为新型信息获取技术的代表。无线传感器网络的成本低廉、节点部署方便、跟踪精确可靠等特点,促进了无线定位技术的发展。虽然室外定位技术的研究已渐趋成熟,取得了相当卓越的成绩,但是室内定位技术的研究还处于起步阶段,具有广阔的研究和发展空间。本文的研究工作主要包括以下四个方面： 1.设计了室内无线定位系统,采用具有低成本、低速率、低功耗特点的ZigBee协议组建无线通信网络,实现节点间的数据传输。 2.对定位中常用的传播媒介和定位算法进行了介绍与分析,根据室内定位环境的特点与要求选择用超声波信号进行距离测量并利用经典的TOA (Time of Arrival)定位算法对目标节点进行定位计算。 3.在定位系统中,目标节点与信标节点间距离的精确测量是实现精确定位的前提。在超声波TOF测量中,发射机与接收机之间的同步对测量精度有着较大的影响,针对时钟漂移对超声波TOF测量精度的影响,给出具有时钟漂移补偿的精确超声波TOF测量方法,并对所提出方案进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明测量误差得到了明显的抑制。 4.本文搭建了系统节点硬件平台,采用TI公司推出的CC2530作为节点的微控制器与无线模块,结合超声波传感器设计了符合系统要求的系统节点。并且对节点的通信性能进行测试,实验表明节点通信具有较高的可靠性和实时性。此外,为降低节点的功耗,采用了节点发射功率自适应机制,并对其进行仿真分析,结果表明节点功耗显著降低。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of wireless communication technology and electronic technology, sensors can be developed into low-cost, low-power, functional integrated sensor nodes. Sensor information acquisition technology has also developed from a single mode to integration, intelligence, miniaturization and networking. Wireless sensor networks have emerged as the times require, and become the representative of new information acquisition technology. Wireless sensor network (WSN) has the advantages of low cost, convenient node deployment and accurate and reliable tracking, which promotes the development of wireless positioning technology. Although the research of outdoor positioning technology has gradually matured and made remarkable achievements, the research of indoor positioning technology is still in its infancy and has broad research and development space. The research work of this paper mainly includes the following four aspects: 1. The indoor wireless positioning system is designed. The wireless communication network is constructed by using the ZigBee protocol which has the characteristics of low cost, low speed and low power consumption to realize the data transmission between nodes. 2. This paper introduces and analyzes the common media and algorithm of location. According to the characteristics and requirements of indoor positioning environment, the ultrasonic signal is chosen to measure the distance and the classical TOA time of Arrival-based localization algorithm is used to calculate the location of the target node. 3. In the positioning system, the accurate measurement of the distance between the target node and the beacon node is the premise of accurate location. In ultrasonic TOF measurement, the synchronization between transmitter and receiver has great influence on the measurement accuracy. Aiming at the influence of clock drift on ultrasonic TOF measurement accuracy, an accurate ultrasonic TOF measurement method with clock drift compensation is presented. The simulation results show that the measurement error is restrained obviously. 4. In this paper, the hardware platform of the system node is built, and the system node is designed by using the CC2530 developed by TI company as the node microcontroller and wireless module, and the ultrasonic sensor is used to design the system node. The communication performance of the node is tested, and the experiment shows that the node communication has high reliability and real-time performance. In addition, in order to reduce the power consumption of the node, the adaptive mechanism of the node transmit power is adopted, and the simulation results show that the node power consumption is significantly reduced.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN92

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