3D宽带MIMO信道建模与模型分析

发布时间：2018-04-27 02:10

本文选题：3D无线信道建模 + SAGE算法　；参考：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：信道模型是无线通信系统设计和通信算法技术评估的基础,因此准确地对信道进行建模至关重要。目前主流的信道建模方法为基于几何统计的随机信道模型(Geometry-based Stochastic Channel Models,GSCM),该模型具有复杂度折中、适用载频大、能反映信道的长期统计特性等特点。其建模核心思想是利用具有一定参数(大尺度参数、小尺度参数以及多普勒频率等)的簇的叠加来生成最终的信道矩阵。但是目前的GSCM信道模型是在二维平面内进行建模的,忽略了收发天线间的高度差,没有包含实际传播环境中俯仰维度的信息,缺乏对信道在三维空间内色散情况的建模,不能精确描述实际传播信道。因此本论文对从测量数据中提取3D信道参数、基于WINNER II模型建立完整的3D信道模型进行了研究。主要工作内容如下:1.完整地提出了基于SAGE算法的3D信道参数提取方法。该算法可以实现使用均匀线性天线阵列(ULA)作为实际信道探测的天线设备,由实际探测得到的冲激响应(CIR)数据来提取信道中多径分量的空-时-频的三维信息。解决了SAGE算法在参数提取的实现中关于3D波程差的计算以及基于探测设备发射信号时间帧结构的发射脉冲信号建模的问题。算法所提取的多径参数可用于后期建模。本文给出了算法的实现结果,并对其性能进行分析。2.在GSCM的建模方法和WINNER II信道模型的基础上,建立了完整的三维信道模型。引入了俯仰角信道空间参数,包括俯仰角度扩展、空间三维视距角以及移动台速度的俯仰参数,解决了三维波程差、三维多普勒频率以及天线阵列任意姿态带来的三维极化方向图变化对随机相位的影响的问题。首先通过链路内和链路间的参数相关性来生成包含俯仰维度的大尺度参数,然后以一定的数学分布随机生成小尺度参数,最后以这些参数构成每一条簇的信道冲激响应,通过将这些簇进行叠加建立3D信道模型。在所建立的3D信道模型中,用户可以自定义配置天线阵列的三维几何信息以及三维采样的场方向图,并通过极化增益分解的方法计算GCS坐标系下的天线响应增益。论文完整地生成了3D MIMO的信道系数矩阵,真实地模拟实际MIMO信道的传输,建立了一个通用3D信道模型。3.基于所建立的3D信道模型,对3D信道的信道相关性以及信道特性进行仿真。论文提供了所建模信道的大小尺度参数统计特征曲线,以便于后期结合实测数据、数学统计建模理论以及不同仿真平台等因素对信道特征参数进行分析和修正,进而建立适合室内、室外及其它特殊应用场景下的3D无线信道模型。
[Abstract]:Channel model is the basis of wireless communication system design and communication algorithm evaluation, so it is very important to model the channel accurately. At present, the main channel modeling method is Geometry-based Stochastic Channel models based on geometric statistics. This model has the characteristics of compromises in complexity, large carrier frequency, and can reflect the long-term statistical characteristics of the channel. The core idea of modeling is to generate the final channel matrix by using the superposition of clusters with certain parameters (large scale parameter, small scale parameter and Doppler frequency). However, the current GSCM channel model is modeled in two-dimensional plane, neglecting the height difference between transceiver antennas, not including the information of pitch dimension in the actual propagation environment, and lacking the modeling of channel dispersion in three-dimensional space. The actual propagation channel cannot be accurately described. In this paper, 3D channel parameters are extracted from measurement data, and a complete 3D channel model based on WINNER II model is established. The main work is as follows: 1. A 3D channel parameter extraction method based on SAGE algorithm is proposed. The algorithm can use uniform linear antenna array (ULAA) as antenna equipment for actual channel detection, and extract the space-time-frequency 3D information of multipath components from the detected impulse response (CIRs) data. The problem of 3D wave path difference calculation in the realization of parameter extraction by SAGE algorithm and modeling of transmitting pulse signal based on the time-frame structure of transmitting signal of detecting equipment are solved. The multipath parameters extracted by the algorithm can be used for later modeling. In this paper, the implementation results of the algorithm are given, and its performance is analyzed. 2. 2. Based on the modeling method of GSCM and the WINNER II channel model, a complete 3D channel model is established. The pitch parameters of the pitch angle channel are introduced, including the pitch angle expansion, the three dimensional pitch angle and the pitch parameter of the moving station velocity, and the 3D wave path difference is solved. The influence of 3D Doppler frequency and arbitrary attitude of antenna array on the random phase caused by the change of three-dimensional polarization pattern. First, the large scale parameters including pitch dimension are generated by the correlation of the parameters in and between the links, then the small scale parameters are randomly generated by a certain mathematical distribution. Finally, these parameters are used to form the channel impulse response of each cluster. The 3D channel model is established by superposing these clusters. In the established 3D channel model, the user can customize the 3D geometric information of antenna array and the field pattern of 3D sampling, and calculate the antenna response gain in GCS coordinate system by polarization gain decomposition method. In this paper, the channel coefficient matrix of 3D MIMO is generated, and the transmission of real MIMO channel is simulated, and a general 3D channel model. 3. Based on the established 3D channel model, the channel correlation and channel characteristics of 3D channel are simulated. In this paper, the statistical characteristic curves of the channel size and scale parameters are provided to facilitate the analysis and correction of the channel characteristic parameters by combining the measured data, mathematical statistical modeling theory and different simulation platforms. Furthermore, a 3D wireless channel model suitable for indoor, outdoor and other special application scenarios is established.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN919.3

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