基于FPGA的无线传感器网络SoC设计与验证

发布时间：2018-05-03 19:27

  本文选题：无线传感器网络 + ZigBee　； 参考：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：低功耗的无线传感器网络通过分布式、自组织网络方式实现数据传输,在众多领域具有广泛的应用。由于ZigBee芯片上的微控制器难以满足复杂多样的系统需求,所以在利用Zig Bee无线网络的基础上,根据需求,设计相应的SoC,构成用户所需的具有无线传感器网络功能的SoC系统,是今后的一个发展方向。随着FPGA技术的快速发展,使得面向应用需求的SoC设计成为一种新的解决方法。因而,研究基于FPGA的无线传感器网络SoC设计与验证具有重要的实用意义。论文详细分析了Zigbee的协议架构及使用FPGA设计SoC的技术。根据无线传感器网络功能需求,设计了的SoC节点系统方案,并对SoC系统MCU的功能结构、媒体访问控制层(MAC)协议架构、系统集成及通信测试验证等方面展开了深入研究,具体论文工作及主要成果如下:(1)无线传感器网络SoC节点系统设计验证。根据系统方案,设计实现了兼容8051指令集的MCU IP核各个功能模块及中断系统。根据ZigBee协议中MAC协议要求,设计实现了MAC发送与接收功能模块。其中,发送模块包含帧头、发送FIFO、发送状态机和帧校验等基本模块,而接收模块包含帧头检测、帧解码、地址匹配、接收FIFO和帧校验等基本模块。完成了MCU IP核的仿真验证,并在FPGA开发板上构建MAC验证平台。平台包括无线射频芯片及用于主机通信的串口模块。经过验证的结果是,在PC端通过串口可以将数据写入到发送FIFO中,之后通过射频芯片发送出去,而接收模块可以通过射频芯片接收到无线数据,写入到接收FIFO中,并通过串口发送给PC端。(2)无线传感器网络SoC节点通信测试。根据无线传感器网络节点的通信需求,制定了SoC节点测试方案。首先通过MCU总线模块与MAC模块的相应信号连接实现无线SoC系统集成,使用中断方式来检测无线网络数据的发送和接收。然后搭建通信测试平台。利用FPGA与射频芯片组成一个待验证的SoC节点,同时使用MSP430单片机和射频芯片构成另外一个验证节点。根据Zigbee协议要求,编写基本通信协议程序,并通过监控节点将两者通信情况发送到PC上位机,实现了基于FPGA的SoC系统节点的无线传感器网络通信测试验证。论文设计实现了基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络SoC,并完成了基于FPGA的SoC测试验证,能够通过中断方式实现数据的无线传输。论文工作对无线传感器网络SoC的设计具有一定的参考意义。
[Abstract]:Low power wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in many fields for their data transmission through distributed and self-organized networks. Because the microcontroller on the ZigBee chip can not meet the complex and diverse system requirements, based on the Zig Bee wireless network, the corresponding SoC is designed according to the demand, which constitutes the SoC system with the function of the wireless sensor network, which is needed by the user. Is a future development direction. With the rapid development of FPGA technology, SoC design for application requirements becomes a new solution. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the SoC design and verification of wireless sensor networks based on FPGA. In this paper, the protocol architecture of Zigbee and the technology of designing SoC with FPGA are analyzed in detail. According to the function requirement of wireless sensor network, the SoC node system scheme is designed, and the function structure of SoC system MCU, the protocol architecture of media access control layer (MAC), system integration and communication test verification are deeply studied. The main achievements of this paper are as follows: 1) Verification of SoC node system design in wireless sensor networks. According to the system scheme, each function module and interrupt system of MCU IP core compatible with 8051 instruction set are designed and implemented. According to the requirement of MAC protocol in ZigBee protocol, the function module of MAC sending and receiving is designed and implemented. The transmission module includes the basic modules such as frame header, transmission FIFO, transmission state machine and frame check, while the receiving module includes frame header detection, frame decoding, address matching, receiving FIFO and frame checking. The MCU IP core is simulated and verified, and the MAC verification platform is built on the FPGA development board. The platform includes radio frequency chip and serial communication module. The result of verification is that the data can be written to the sending FIFO through the serial port at the PC end, and then sent out through the RF chip, and the receiving module can receive the wireless data through the RF chip and write the data to the receiving FIFO. The communication test of SoC node in wireless sensor network is sent to PC through serial port. According to the communication requirements of wireless sensor network nodes, a SoC node testing scheme is developed. Firstly, the wireless SoC system is integrated by the MCU bus module and the corresponding signal connection of the MAC module. The interrupt mode is used to detect the sending and receiving of the wireless network data. Then build the communication test platform. FPGA and RF chip are used to form a SoC node to be verified, and MSP430 microcontroller and RF chip are used to form another verification node. According to the requirements of Zigbee protocol, the basic communication protocol program is written, and the communication between them is sent to PC by monitoring nodes. The communication test and verification of SoC nodes based on FPGA are realized. This paper designs and implements the wireless sensor network based on ZigBee, and completes the SoC test verification based on FPGA, which can realize the wireless transmission of data by interrupt mode. The work of this paper has a certain reference significance for the design of wireless sensor network SoC.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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