基于网络编码的无线传感器网络能量效率技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 03:36

本文选题：无线传感器网络 + 网络编码　；参考：《南京理工大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：近年来,技术的进步和制造成本的降低使得无线传感器网络(WSN, Wireless Sensor Network)得到了突飞猛进的发展。由于传感器节点的易部署性和多功能性,WSN被广泛应用到各种领域,如医疗卫生、目标跟踪、环境监控等。传感器节点的主要任务是收集、保存数据,并将数据传输给汇聚节点做进一步的操作。传感器节点能量的有限性和无线链路的不可靠性给设计高效的通信、存储机制带来了巨大的挑战。路由技术是无线传感器网络中的一种重要的基础支撑技术,路由协议的好坏关系到组网的质量。由于无线传感器网络在网络特点、业务特点和应用需求等方面与传统网络存在显著差别,无线传感器网络路由的设计面临一系列新的挑战。尤其是近年来新技术的出现为传统路由技术的发展带来了新的活力。本文研究无线传感器网络中能量高效的数据传输机制、数据存储与修复技术以及能量高效的组播技术。 (1)本文研究了无线传感器网络中基于网络编码的多径路由的能量效率。采用的多径网络模型是缠绕多路径模型,所用的网络编码方案为随机线性网络编码。研究了基于网络编码的缠绕多路径中成功交付率和能量消耗的分析模型。 (2)分析了网络中不同参数对网络性能的影响,如跳数,数据包长度,子包大小,簇大小等,并通过对这些参数的分析,导出一种优化的传输方案,该方案使得网络能够以更少的资源开销完成网络传输。此外,通过大量的离散事件仿真发现,实验结果与分析结果是一致的,并测试了在特殊环境下(如网络拥塞,节点失效等)的网络性能。 (3)本文提出了一种无线传感器网络中能量高效的数据存储和修复方案。通过构造具有稀疏特性的网络码字来实现能量高效的分布式存储。此外,利用网络编码在中间节点进行编码的思想,设计了一种迭代的修复策略,该方法使得在无线多跳网络中能够高效地进行数据恢复,节约了数据包传输的次数。并通过理论证明了该方案可以工作在非常小的有限域上。最后通过实验证明,该方法相比传统方法在降低能量消耗的同时,还能均衡网络中的能量负载,从而能够提升网络的生存时间。 (4)提出将多速率网络编码方法应用于无线多跳网络的组播通信中,该方法能够显著提升组播网络的吞吐量。并且提出了一种多速率网络码字的构造方法,该方法在绝大多数的网络情况下,都能使得接收节点以各自的最大流速率接收数据。并且提出了一个“流对齐”的方法来分离网络中的独立链路,从而显著地降低网络的复杂度。 (5)提出了一个充分条件,当该条件满足时,网络中的所有目的节点均能以最大流的速率接收数据。大量的实验证明,该方法所提出的多速率编码方法能够提升网络的吞吐量,降低数据传输的能量消耗,并保证网络中接收节点的解码成功率。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of technology and the reduction of manufacturing cost, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and Wireless Sensor Network) (Wireless Sensor Networks) have been developed by leaps and bounds. Due to the deployable and multifunctional sensor nodes, WSN is widely used in various fields, such as medical and health, target tracking, environmental monitoring and so on. The main task of sensor node is to collect, save and transmit data to the sink node for further operation. The limited energy of sensor nodes and the unreliability of wireless links bring great challenges to the design of efficient communication and storage mechanisms. Routing technology is an important basic supporting technology in wireless sensor networks. The quality of network is related to the quality of routing protocols. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) face a series of new challenges due to the significant differences between wireless sensor networks (WSN) and traditional networks in terms of network characteristics, service characteristics and application requirements. Especially in recent years, the emergence of new technologies has brought new vitality to the development of traditional routing technology. This paper studies the energy-efficient data transmission mechanism, data storage and repair technology and energy-efficient multicast technology in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, the energy efficiency of multipath routing based on network coding in wireless sensor networks is studied. The multipath network model is winding multipath model and the network coding scheme is random linear network coding. The analysis model of successful delivery rate and energy consumption in winding multipath based on network coding is studied. This paper analyzes the influence of different parameters on network performance, such as hops, packet length, sub-packet size, cluster size, etc. By analyzing these parameters, an optimized transmission scheme is derived. This scheme enables the network to complete the network transmission with less resource cost. In addition, through a large number of discrete events simulation, it is found that the experimental results are consistent with the analytical results, and the performance of the network under special circumstances (such as network congestion, node failure, etc.) is tested. This paper presents an energy-efficient data storage and repair scheme for wireless sensor networks. Energy efficient distributed storage is realized by constructing network codewords with sparse characteristics. In addition, using the idea of network coding in the middle node, an iterative repair strategy is designed. This method enables efficient data recovery in wireless multi-hop networks and saves the number of packet transmissions. It is proved by theory that the scheme can work on very small finite fields. Finally, it is proved that compared with the traditional method, the proposed method can reduce the energy consumption and balance the energy load in the network at the same time, thus it can improve the lifetime of the network. 4) A multi-rate network coding method is proposed for multicast communication in wireless multi-hop networks, which can significantly improve the throughput of multicast networks. A method of constructing code words in multi-rate networks is proposed, which can make the receiving nodes receive data at their respective maximum flow rates in most networks. A "stream alignment" method is proposed to separate the independent links in the network, thus significantly reducing the complexity of the network. When the condition is satisfied, all the destination nodes in the network can receive data at the maximum flow rate. A large number of experiments show that the proposed multi-rate coding method can improve the throughput of the network, reduce the energy consumption of data transmission, and ensure the decoding success rate of the receiving node in the network.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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