铁路监测无线传感器网络的关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 11:31

本文选题：移动无线传感器网络 + 定位技术　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：铁路运输安全是运营管理部门必须面对的重要问题，我国大约有三分之二的铁路处于地质条件复杂、灾害易发的中西部山区。通过对大量铁路事故研究可知，大部分是由于机车不能及时获取铁路沿线自然灾害信息和列车位置信息而引起的。因此，，研究和设计实时监测铁路沿线自然灾害和列车定位信息的无线传感器网络是当务之急。这可为安全行车提供技术保障，对于铁路安全运输具有重要意义。无线传感器节点还具有低成本、低功耗、自组织性和获取与处理数据的能力强的特点。与有线模式相比，无线传感器网络在设备成本，维护升级，稳定可靠等方面都具有相当优势。在社会生产生活领域具有非常广泛的应用前景，本文正是在这一背景下开展了铁路监测无线传感器网络的关键技术进行研究。论文利用无线传感器网络可快速部署和组网的优势，建立了无线传感器网络上层信息传输平台，用于实现列车定位和铁路沿线信息的采集和传输。汇聚节点管理和收集簇内无线传感器节点的监测信息，经上层无线信息传输平台发送到车载汇聚节点和监控中心。车载计算机和监控中心服务器对车载汇聚节点接收的信息进行处理、计算出沿线列车的追踪间隔，并对影响运输安全的信息给出预警，通知采取预防措施起到预防铁路事故发生的作用。论文主要做了以下几个方面的研究工作：（1）论文在研究国内外文献基础上，指出了研究中面临的技术挑战和应用相关的技术。通过阅读大量文献对无线传感器网络的体系结构和ZigBee技术进行了研究。（2）在分析铁路监测无线传感器网络监测内容和功能需求的基础上，探索性设计了分层型无线传感器网信息传输平台。上层信息传输平台由交叉部署在铁路沿线的地面汇聚节点构成，用于完成对列车的定位以及铁路沿线监测信息的收集与传输。（3）对铁路监测无线传感网络的组网模型进行了改进，使之满足连通性和覆盖性要求。按照汇聚节点完成的功能要求，设计了汇聚节点硬件和软件。（4）通过对无线传感器节点定位算法以及列车定位方法进行研究，提出了里程计和无线传感器节点组合列车定位方案。通过建立采用理想化模型对定位方法进行了定量分析，给出了定位的绝对误差和相对误差。由于时间紧促，论文中仅提出了进一步提高无线传感器节点定位精确度的方法，并未进行验证。（5）引入能耗模型和时延计算公式，从理论上对平面型和层次型两种网络结构中的节点功耗与时延性能进行了定量分析，并给出了分析结果。论文重点在无线传感器网络覆盖模型和定位技术方面做了有益的探索性研究。铁路监测无线传感器网络是一个复杂的系统，涉及的研究方向和内容广泛，由于研究时间的限制，仍需要进一步完善。这些研究成果为下一阶段课题组实现无线传感器网络在铁路沿线监测信息中的研究奠定了良好的基础。
[Abstract]:Railway transportation safety is an important problem to be faced by the operation management department . About two thirds of the railway in China is in the middle and western mountain areas with complex geological conditions and easy disaster .

The wireless sensor network has the characteristics of low cost , low power consumption , self - organizing and capability of acquiring and processing data . Compared with the wired mode , the wireless sensor network has considerable advantages in the aspects of equipment cost , maintenance and upgrade , stability and reliability , and has wide application prospect in the field of social production and life , and the key technology of the railway monitoring wireless sensor network is researched under this background .

The invention utilizes the advantages of the wireless sensor network to rapidly deploy and networking , establishes the upper layer information transmission platform of the wireless sensor network , and is used for realizing the acquisition and transmission of information in the train positioning and the railway .

The thesis mainly studies the following aspects :

( 1 ) Based on the domestic and foreign literature , the paper points out the technical challenge and application - related technology in the research . The architecture and ZigBee technology of wireless sensor network are studied by reading a large number of literatures .

( 2 ) On the basis of analyzing the monitoring content and function requirements of the railway monitoring wireless sensor network , a hierarchical wireless sensor network information transmission platform is designed , and the upper layer information transmission platform is composed of a ground aggregation node which is cross - deployed on the railway , and is used for completing the positioning of the train and the collection and transmission of monitoring information along the railway line .

( 3 ) The network model of railway monitoring wireless sensor network is improved to meet the requirement of connectivity and coverage . The hardware and software of convergence node are designed according to the functional requirements of convergence node .

( 4 ) Through the research on the wireless sensor node location algorithm and the train positioning method , this paper puts forward a combination train positioning scheme for the mileage meter and the wireless sensor node . Through the establishment of the ideal model , the positioning method is analyzed quantitatively , and the absolute error and relative error of the positioning are given .

( 5 ) The energy consumption model and the time delay calculation formula are introduced , and the power consumption and time delay performance of nodes in both planar and hierarchical networks are quantitatively analyzed theoretically , and the analysis results are given .

This paper focuses on the research of wireless sensor network coverage model and location technology . The railway monitoring wireless sensor network is a complex system . The research direction and content of the railway monitoring wireless sensor network are extensive . Due to the limitation of the research time , further improvement is needed . The research results provide a good foundation for the research of the wireless sensor network in the monitoring information along the railway line .
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

【参考文献】