高精度光纤陀螺温度补偿系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-06-01 12:16

本文选题：光纤陀螺仪 + 温度补偿　；参考：《哈尔滨工程大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：光纤陀螺仪具有可靠性高、成本低、动态范围宽以及启动速度快等优点,因此广泛应用于军事以及国民经济的各个领域。但由于光纤陀螺仪对工作环境温度较为敏感,会导致实际应用中的捷联惯导系统精度下降。为了保证光纤陀螺的输出精度,可通过温度补偿的方式对变温环境下的陀螺仪输出进行数学补偿,从而保证光纤陀螺仪的输出精度。因此,设计高精度光纤陀螺温度补偿系统对提高光纤陀螺的仪的输出精度、保证捷联惯导系统精度,具有重要的实际意义。本课题以实现高精度光纤陀螺温度补偿系统为目的,设计并实现了高精度温度测量系统,建立并完善高精度温度补偿系统。首先,基于功能需求分析与性能需求分析,设计光纤陀螺温度补偿系统的总体设计方案。然后,以铂电阻Ptl000作为温度传感器,采用阻值比较法的测温电路减小测温非线性,设计序列电压激励电路,消除测温电路热电动势,并抑制自热效应,进而完成基于阻值比较法和序列电压激励控制相结合的高精度测温系统;在完成硬件设计的基础上,设计基于分段线性拟合的温度校正方法,进一步减小测温系统,并根据测温输出噪声特性,设计低通滤波算法,减小随机干扰对温度输出精度的影响。在升降温实验的基础上,通过同步采集光纤环温度和光纤陀螺输出数据,并分析二者的相关性,总结出影响光纤陀螺输出数据的主要因素;以光纤环温度以及光纤陀螺输出误差为基础,确定温度补偿模型的基本形式;利用分段高阶曲线拟合的方法,建立基于光纤环温度以及光纤陀螺输出误差的温度补偿系统。在完成测温电路和温度补偿系统的基础上,主程序通过AD7608采样温度信号,并且利用温度校正算法计算并校正测温值。然后,利用温度补偿模型以及测温值,主程序可以求得光纤陀螺的实时补偿值。在通讯模块接收导航数据的同时,主程序按照通讯协议解码导航数据,并用实时补偿值补偿导航数据。补偿完毕后,主程序再按照通讯协议,再次编码导航数据,并将补偿后的导航数据发送到导航计算机。最后,利用高精度低温漂的固值电阻对其做长时间验证测试;在完成温度补偿系统后,以升降温实验为基础,利用所测得光纤环温度以及光纤陀螺输出的导航数据对光纤陀螺温度补偿系统进行实测精度验证。.实测精度验证结果表明,经温度补偿后的光纤陀螺输出精度能达到±0.05°/h,即温度补偿系统能够很好的抑制因温度导致的光纤陀螺漂移,有效的保证惯导系统精度。
[Abstract]:Fiber optic gyroscopes have the advantages of high reliability, low cost, wide dynamic range and fast starting speed, so they are widely used in various fields of military and national economy. However, due to the sensitivity of fiber optic gyroscope to working environment temperature, the precision of strapdown inertial navigation system in practical application will decrease. In order to ensure the output accuracy of fiber optic gyroscope, the output of fiber optic gyroscope can be compensated by temperature compensation in order to ensure the output precision of fiber optic gyroscope. Therefore, the design of high precision fog temperature compensation system is of great practical significance in improving the output accuracy of fog and ensuring the precision of strapdown inertial navigation system. In order to realize the temperature compensation system of high precision fiber optic gyroscope (fog), the high precision temperature measurement system is designed and realized in this paper. The high precision temperature compensation system is established and perfected. Firstly, based on functional requirement analysis and performance requirement analysis, the overall design scheme of fog temperature compensation system is designed. Then, using platinum resistance Ptl000 as temperature sensor, the temperature measurement circuit of resistance comparison method is used to reduce the nonlinearity of temperature measurement, and the sequential voltage excitation circuit is designed to eliminate the thermoelectromotive force of the temperature measuring circuit and to suppress the self-heating effect. Furthermore, a high precision temperature measurement system based on resistance comparison method and sequential voltage excitation control is completed. Based on the hardware design, a temperature correction method based on piecewise linear fitting is designed to further reduce the temperature measurement system. According to the noise characteristics of temperature measurement output, a low pass filter algorithm is designed to reduce the influence of random interference on the temperature output accuracy. Based on the experiment of rising and cooling, the temperature of fiber optic ring and the output data of fiber optic gyro are collected synchronously, and the correlation between them is analyzed, and the main factors influencing the output data of fiber optic gyroscope are summarized. Based on the temperature of the fiber optic ring and the output error of the fiber optic gyro, the basic form of the temperature compensation model is determined, and the temperature compensation system based on the fiber ring temperature and the output error of the fiber optic gyro is established by the method of piecewise high order curve fitting. On the basis of temperature measurement circuit and temperature compensation system, the main program samples temperature signal by AD7608, and calculates and corrects the temperature measurement value by temperature correction algorithm. Then, using the temperature compensation model and the temperature measurement value, the main program can get the real time compensation value of fiber optic gyroscope. While the communication module receives the navigation data, the main program decodes the navigation data according to the communication protocol, and compensates the navigation data with the real-time compensation value. After the compensation, the main program encodes the navigation data again according to the communication protocol, and sends the compensated navigation data to the navigation computer. Finally, the high precision and low temperature drift resistance is used to verify and test it for a long time, and after the temperature compensation system is completed, the experiment of rising and lowering temperature is used as the basis. The temperature compensation system of fiber optic gyroscope (fog) is verified by the measured temperature of fiber optic ring and the navigation data of fiber optic gyroscope. The experimental results show that the output precision of the fiber optic gyroscope after temperature compensation can reach 卤0.05 掳/ h, that is, the temperature compensation system can restrain the drift of the fiber optic gyroscope caused by temperature and effectively guarantee the precision of the inertial navigation system.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN96

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