矿井无线传感器监测网络中关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 10:52

本文选题：矿井 + 无线传感器网络　；参考：《太原理工大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：我国煤炭资源比较丰富,煤炭生产是我国能源生产的支柱产业之一,在国民经济中的地位十分重要。但我国煤矿地形复杂,生产自动化水平较低,安全监测系统较差,矿难时有发生,使得煤炭生产安全形势不容乐观,严重影响煤炭行业的可持续发展和社会的稳定,因此,在矿井下建立稳定高效的安全监测网络是十分必要的。随着科技的快速发展,物联网技术得到了广泛的应用。在物联网产业中,无线传感器网络技术作为其感知功能的关键技术,通过分布式处理大量采集信息来提高监测系统的精确度及容错能力。无线传感器网络的这一优势使之成为众多国内外学者和机构研究的重点。将无线传感器网络应用于矿井这种特殊环境下,构建智能监测网络,能及时准确的向地面传送感测到的信息,为安全生产提供了有力保障。本文针对矿井下特殊的环境,对无线传感器网络中的一些关键技术进行研究,主要包括无线传感器封装抗干扰技术、媒介访问控制协议、路由协议及定位技术等。传感器封装是传感器技术的基础,特殊材料的封装可以有效的避免矿井下各种电磁波的干扰,提高信号的传输能力。本文研发了一种新型无线传感器封装材料一锂锌铁氧体微管／镀镍碳纤维复合材料,这种材料能有效地吸收矿井环境中的电磁波干扰,提高通信质量。无线传感器节点之间都是通过无线形式进行数据传输,通信过程中带宽十分有限,因此需要设计一种性能优越的MAC协议来避免冲突,从而实现信道的有效利用。本文结合MAC协议设计的性能要求与矿井下无线传感器网络的特殊性,提出矿井下无线传感器网络MAC协议的设计原则,依据此原则设计了能够有效解决冲突问题,减小网络延时的CC-MAC协议。在矿井无线传感器监测网络中,路由协议作为关键技术承担着重要的角色,好的路由协议可以很大程度上提高网络性能。本文提出了基于LEACH和CTP协议的改进协议,主要适用于较大范围组网及在长直环境中单向传输数据的矿井环境中。通过改进LEACH协议分簇及簇头选取机制,提高了矿井下无线传感器网络的稳定性,延长了网络的生命周期。针对经典CTP协议负载不均衡的问题,在选择路由时考虑次优路径和子节点数量等因素,设计了选路指标V-EETX,提出无线传感器网络B-CTP路由协议,该协议负载均衡,可靠性高且具有能量高效的特点。煤矿监测环境较为恶劣,在定位过程中,信号干扰对于未知节点与已知节点之间测得的距离会带来较大误差。因此为了达到高精度定位,在用三边测距算法的过程中需要将这些误差降到最小。本文根据矿井监测网络的特点提出一种改进的三边测距定位算法,定位过程中选取满足cond(A)最小的三个节点作为信标节点,通过选取的信标节点来计算未知节点的坐标,从而减小信标节点坐标误差所带来的影响。
[Abstract]:China is rich in coal resources, coal production is one of the pillar industries of energy production in China, and plays an important role in the national economy. However, the complex topography of coal mines, low level of production automation, poor safety monitoring system and frequent mine accidents make the coal production safety situation not optimistic and seriously affect the sustainable development of the coal industry and the stability of the society. It is necessary to establish a stable and efficient safety monitoring network under the mine. With the rapid development of science and technology, the Internet of things technology has been widely used. In the Internet of things (IoT) industry, wireless sensor network (WSN), as the key technology of its sensing function, can improve the accuracy and fault tolerance of the monitoring system through distributed processing of a large amount of information. This advantage of wireless sensor networks makes it the focus of many scholars and institutions at home and abroad. The application of wireless sensor network in mine is a special environment to construct an intelligent monitoring network, which can timely and accurately transmit sensing information to the ground, which provides a strong guarantee for the safety of production. In this paper, some key technologies in wireless sensor network are studied, including wireless sensor encapsulation and anti-jamming technology, media access control protocol, routing protocol and positioning technology. Sensor packaging is the basis of sensor technology. The packaging of special materials can effectively avoid the interference of various electromagnetic waves under the mine and improve the transmission ability of signals. In this paper, a new wireless sensor packaging material, lithium zinc ferrite microtubules / nickel-coated carbon fiber composites, is developed. This material can effectively absorb the electromagnetic wave interference in the mine environment and improve the communication quality. Wireless sensor nodes transmit data in wireless form and the bandwidth is very limited. So it is necessary to design a superior MAC protocol to avoid conflicts so as to realize the effective utilization of the channel. According to the performance requirement of MAC protocol design and the particularity of wireless sensor network under mine, this paper puts forward the design principle of MAC protocol under mine wireless sensor network, according to this principle, it can effectively solve the conflict problem. CC-MAC protocol to reduce network delay. As a key technology, routing protocol plays an important role in mine wireless sensor monitoring network, and a good routing protocol can greatly improve the network performance. In this paper, an improved protocol based on LEACH and CTP protocols is proposed, which is mainly suitable for the mine environment where the network is set up in a large area and the data is transmitted unidirectionally in the long and straight environment. By improving the LEACH protocol clustering and cluster head selection mechanism, the stability of the wireless sensor network under the mine is improved and the lifetime of the network is extended. Aiming at the problem of load imbalance in classical CTP protocol, considering the factors of sub-optimal path and number of sub-nodes in routing, the routing index V-EETX is designed, and a B-CTP routing protocol for wireless sensor networks is proposed, which is load balanced. High reliability and high energy efficiency. The monitoring environment of coal mine is relatively bad. In the process of location, the signal interference will bring great error to the distance between the unknown node and the known node. Therefore, in order to achieve high precision positioning, we need to minimize these errors in the process of using trilateral ranging algorithm. According to the characteristics of mine monitoring network, an improved trilateral location algorithm is proposed in this paper. In the process of location, three nodes satisfying Condor A) are selected as beacon nodes, and the coordinates of unknown nodes are calculated by the selected beacon nodes. In order to reduce the beacon node coordinate error caused by the impact.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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