超宽带穿墙探地雷达天线研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 10:59

本文选题：超宽带 + Vivaldi天线　；参考：《国防科学技术大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：自从二十世纪五六十年代超宽带雷达系统的概念提出以来,其距离分辨率高、抗干扰能力强、监听/截获概率小等优点立刻吸引了众多研究人员,并取得了系列的研究成果。随着超宽带技术的发展,超宽带天线设计面临着巨大挑战。小型化、高增益已经成为超宽带天线的研究方向。本文主要是针对两种主要的超宽带天线——Vivaldi天线和阿基米德螺旋天线进行了研究设计。首先,本文简要介绍了超宽带技术的历史发展,着重介绍了超宽带雷达系统中的穿墙雷达系统和探地雷达系统,对常见的超宽带天线进行了总结和分类,并判断了其发展趋势。其次,本文介绍了Vivaldi天线的研究背景和意义,并详细总结了其天线的发展现状。从对趾Vivaldi天线的基本结构和辐射机理出发,研究了对趾Vivaldi天线的设计方法,设计了一个对趾Vivaldi天线原型。在此基础上,研究了扼流结构加载对天线性能的影响,设计了扼流Vivaldi天线,制作并测试了扼流Vivaldi天线实物,证明了扼流结构加载这种法在Vivaldi天线小型化设计上的可行性。其次,本文研究了双指数线型对趾Vivaldi天线的辐射机理,设计了双指数线对趾Vivaldi天线原型。通过分析天线原型高频端辐射方向图分裂恶化的原因,总结目前现有的解决方案,提出了渐变介质结构加载的方法,根据其工作原理,设计了带宽更宽、增益更高的渐变介质加载的Vivaldi天线。加工制作了该改进型天线,并对该天线的性能进行了测试,分析测试数据并总结了经验教训。再次,本文研究了阿基米德螺旋天线,从非频变天线的角度简单介绍了阿基米德螺旋天线的超宽带特性,详细分析了阿基米德螺旋天线的工作机理和设计流程,根据这个流程设计了一个简单的阿基米德螺旋天线原型。最后,本文总结已有的阿基米德螺旋天线改进方法,简单比较了其优缺点,根据介质覆盖可以改善天线口径面处幅度、相位不均匀分布的原理,设计了多层介质加载的阿基米德螺旋天线,仿真结果表明了多层介质覆盖的方法可以提高天线增益,验证了该方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:Since the concept of UWB radar system was put forward in the 1950s and 1960s, its advantages such as high range resolution, strong anti-jamming ability and low interception probability have attracted many researchers and obtained a series of research results. With the development of UWB technology, UWB antenna design is facing great challenges. Miniaturization and high gain have become the research direction of UWB antenna. In this paper, two main UWB antennas, Vivaldi antenna and Archimedes spiral antenna, are studied and designed. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the historical development of UWB technology, focuses on the wall penetrating radar system and ground penetrating radar system in UWB radar system, summarizes and classifies the common UWB antenna, and judges its development trend. Secondly, the research background and significance of Vivaldi antenna are introduced, and the development of Vivaldi antenna is summarized in detail. Based on the basic structure and radiation mechanism of the opposite toe Vivaldi antenna, the design method of the pair toe Vivaldi antenna is studied, and a prototype of the pair toe Vivaldi antenna is designed. On this basis, the effect of choke structure loading on the antenna performance is studied. The choke Vivaldi antenna is designed, and the real object of the choke Vivaldi antenna is fabricated and tested. It is proved that the choke structure loading method is feasible in the miniaturization design of the Vivaldi antenna. Secondly, the radiation mechanism of the dual-exponential line-to-toe Vivaldi antenna is studied, and the prototype of the dual-exponential line-to-toe Vivaldi antenna is designed. By analyzing the causes of the splitting and deterioration of the radiation pattern at the high frequency end of the antenna prototype, the existing solutions are summarized, and the loading method of the gradual medium structure is put forward. According to its working principle, a wider bandwidth is designed. Higher gain gradient medium loaded Vivaldi antenna. The improved antenna is fabricated and the performance of the antenna is tested, the test data are analyzed and the experience and lessons are summarized. Thirdly, the Archimedes helical antenna is studied in this paper. The UWB characteristics of the Archimedes spiral antenna are briefly introduced from the point of view of non-frequency varying antenna, and the working mechanism and design flow of the Archimedes spiral antenna are analyzed in detail. According to this process, a simple Archimedes helical antenna prototype is designed. Finally, this paper summarizes the existing methods of improving Archimedes helical antenna, and compares its advantages and disadvantages. According to the principle that dielectric coverage can improve the amplitude and phase uneven distribution of antenna aperture surface, The Archimedes spiral antenna loaded with multi-layer medium is designed. The simulation results show that the multi-layer dielectric coverage method can improve the antenna gain and verify the effectiveness of the method.
【学位授予单位】：国防科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN957.2

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