机场场面监视雷达信号处理方法及实现

发布时间：2018-06-24 22:29

本文选题：场面监视雷达 + 脉冲压缩　；参考：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：机场场面监视雷达是空中交通管制系统的重要组成部分,主要用于监视机场场面的动目标和静目标。该系统可以实时有效地掌握机场场面的交通运行情况,对机场的安全管理、高效运行起到至关重要的作用。在整个场面监视系统中,信号处理技术是检测地面目标的核心技术,且机场环境比较复杂,提出优化的信号处理设计方案来提高检测概率,对整个监视系统是非常重要的。另外,随着微电子技术的快速发展,DSP、FPGA等技术得到广泛应用,传统的模拟信号处理逐渐转为高效的数字信号处理,以满足对数据处理的实时性和高速性的要求。为使场面管制人员及时掌握机场的地面信息,场面监视雷达需要更高的实时性才能保证机场场面的安全运行。对类似于飞机、汽车等可移动目标,单一的动目标检测技术和静目标检测技术无法实现有效的监视,因此在课题中采用了一种新的可移动目标检测技术,并在硬件上实现。结合机场这种特殊环境,本文采用的雷达体制是线性调频脉冲雷达,主要分为以下三个方面进行研究:第一,对场面监视雷达信号处理基本理论的研究。主要包括脉冲压缩、动目标显示MTI和AMTI、动目标检测、杂波图CFAR、频率分集、二次检测技术等。本文详细地阐述了各个部分的基本原理以及常规实现方法,并用Matlab、Modelsim等工具对各模块进行了仿真。第二,对场面监视雷达信号处理的总体设计。针对场面监视雷达的工作环境,提出了特定的信号处理方案,并详细讲解了各个模块结构。第三、对场面监视雷达信号处理系统的硬件实现,使用由Altera公司的Stratix V系列FPGA芯片5SGSMD5K2F40I3N构成的开发板,采用VHDL语言并结合IP核,对各个信号处理模块和数据通信模块进行调试,完成了场面监视雷达信号处理的FPGA实现。本文对场面监视雷达信号处理的相关理论进行了研究,并根据具体情况确定信号处理方案,在硬件上实现,具有一定的工程意义。
[Abstract]:The airport scene surveillance radar is an important part of the air traffic control system, which is mainly used to monitor the moving target and the static target of the airport scene. The system can effectively grasp the traffic situation of airport scene in real time and play an important role in airport security management and efficient operation. In the whole scene monitoring system, the signal processing technology is the core technology to detect the ground target, and the airport environment is quite complex. It is very important for the whole surveillance system to put forward the optimized signal processing design scheme to improve the detection probability. In addition, with the rapid development of microelectronic technology and other technologies such as DSP FPGA, traditional analog signal processing is gradually converted to efficient digital signal processing to meet the real-time and high-speed requirements of data processing. In order to make the scene controller grasp the ground information of the airport in time, the scene surveillance radar needs higher real-time ability to ensure the safe operation of the airport scene. The single moving target detection technology and the static target detection technology can not effectively monitor the moving targets such as aircraft and automobile, so a new movable target detection technology is adopted in this paper, and it is implemented in hardware. Combined with the special environment of airport, the radar system adopted in this paper is linear frequency modulation pulse radar, which is mainly divided into the following three aspects: first, the basic theory of signal processing for scene surveillance radar is studied. It mainly includes pulse compression, moving target display MTI and AMTI, moving target detection, clutter map CFAR, frequency diversity, secondary detection technology and so on. In this paper, the basic principle of each part and the general implementation method are described in detail, and the simulation of each module is carried out by using Matlab Modelsim and other tools. Second, the overall design of radar signal processing for scene surveillance. According to the working environment of the scene surveillance radar, a special signal processing scheme is proposed, and the structure of each module is explained in detail. Thirdly, the hardware realization of the signal processing system of the scene surveillance radar is realized. The development board composed of Altera's Stratix V series FPGA chip 5SGSMD5K2F40I3N is used to debug each signal processing module and the data communication module by using VHDL language and IP core. The FPGA implementation of scene monitoring radar signal processing is completed. In this paper, the related theory of signal processing of scene surveillance radar is studied, and the signal processing scheme is determined according to the specific situation, which is realized in hardware and has certain engineering significance.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：V355;TN957.51

【参考文献】