无线传感器网络故障容错机制与算法研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 07:27

本文选题：无线传感器网络 + 可靠传输　；参考：《重庆大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks，WSNs)是由部署在检测区域内大量传感器节点以无线通信方式组成的一个多跳自组织网络系统，实时地监测、感知和采集监测对象的信息。无线传感器网络是物联网推广的重要载体，未来延伸Internet覆盖范围以及支持普适计算的关键技术。无线传感器网络迅速发展，促进了物联网实现社会生产生活中信息感知能力、信息互通性和智能决策能力的全面提升，并在诸多领域得到广泛应用，已显示出巨大的应用价值并成为现阶段研究的热点。作为一种新兴的信息获取和处理技术的分布式计算平台，，无线传感器网络有着无中心自组网、网络拓扑动态变化、通信与计算能力有限、电源能量受限等自身特性。工作环境存在不可预测性，因振动、电磁、系统噪声和随机噪声等环境因素干扰导致错误感知数据。或因节点的移动超出了通信范围、物体阻挡、信道干扰和数据碰撞堵塞等原因，网络链路质量变差，出现暂时或永久性的故障，导致数据传输的失败，影响无线传感器网络传输可靠性和运行稳定性，对网络的自组织能力、自适应性和鲁棒性带来更大的挑战。高可靠性和稳定性目前仍然是无线传感器网络技术的难点。故障容错策略能提高无线传感器网络运行的鲁棒性和传输可靠性。其本质是在检测网络出现异常或故障时，能及时寻找合理的容错控制方案，自适应地处理多种网络异常现象，继续提供高可信的计算服务。但基于预先构成的网络结构，无法满足无线传感器网络大规模可扩展的需求。且因网络复杂性与故障多样性并受限于实际应用条件，现有容错模型简单对故障进行抽象和特征提取，对新出现的故障特征缺乏自主在线学习能力，严重影响网络故障容错性能。针对新出现的故障特征，在动态自适应构造故障容错结构框架、设计自主的在线容错等方面还有待深入研究。针对无线传感器网络节点或链路故障以及工作环境等因素会影响到网络传输的稳定性和可靠性问题，本文主要在无线传感器网络网络层上，通过采取主动故障预防或网络异常后故障容错的方式提高网络传输可靠性。建立并优化多路径路由算法，或运用网路层多种容错策略，或垮层联合控制优化，或引入仿生免疫机理和现代仿生智能算法开展网络层可靠传输和故障容错研究。具体工作如下：（1）根据蚁群仿生智能算法对构建无线传感器网络容错路由的启示，提出非均匀等级分簇的无线传感器网络故障容错路由算法。根据骨干网特性，建立数学模型和网络拓扑结构，运用改进粒子群算法(IPSO)对网络节点进行非均匀等级静态分簇，构建非均匀等级分簇拓扑结构。引入最优最差蚂蚁系统(BWAS)在相邻等级节点间建立多条传输链路，并根据蚂蚁信息素归一化值作为传输路径的选择概率建立能故障容错的网络路由。同时对容错性与复杂度进行理论分析，对数据包接收率、平均传输时延及能耗均衡等进行仿真分析。（2）针对编码机制影响无线传感器网络传输可靠性问题，提出基于纠删编码的无线传感器网络多路径可靠传输策略。对网络节点进行等级标定，根据蚁群算法确定路径信息素值。根据反映链路质量的最优最差蚂蚁系统的信息素归一化值，在相邻等级节点间建立互不交叉的多路径路由传输容错机制，优化纠删编码并建立基于纠删编码的多路径负载均衡机制，将源数据包经纠删编码的数据片沿多条路径分配和传输，建立数学模型并进行理论分析，并通过仿真测试负载均衡和故障容错性能。（3）针对梯度策略影响网络传输可靠和故障容错问题，提出基于梯度的无线传感器网络多路径可靠传输容错策略。首先进行二次k均值非等概率簇分裂构建非均匀拓扑结构，按质量评价函数计算节点的综合度量信息并建立等高线，建立基于梯度的互不交叉的多路径路由，实施负载均衡的线性纠删编码多路径传输。建立负载均衡机制下的多路径传输数学模型，对数据成功传输率与能效性等网络多项性能指标进行理论分析和仿真评价。（4）根据免疫系统机理对构建无线传感器网络多路径容错路由的启示，提出基于免疫系统机理的无线传感器网络多路径容错路由算法。研究免疫系统机理、人工免疫系统模型与无线传感器网络故障检测容错的属性关联。定义基于免疫分簇与免疫多路径等基本问题，运用免疫系统机理对网络进行分簇以构建紧致性较好的分簇拓扑结构，运用免疫系统机理对初始建立的互不交叉的多条传输路径进行多次变异优化并形成最优传输路径，建立数学模型并对算法性能进行理论分析，对分簇算法的紧致性、免疫路由算法的收敛性和能耗性等进行仿真测试。综上所述，本文围绕提高无线传感器网络的稳定运行和可靠传输的目标，构建网络故障容错的相关理论和方法体系，建立故障仿生智能容错平台，提高无线传感器网络的传输可靠性和运行稳定性，为工业监控、矿井安全监测和农业生物环境保护等对网络可靠性要求较高的无线传感器网络预警系统提供理论与技术支撑。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a multi hop self-organizing network system composed of a large number of sensor nodes deployed in the detection area, which monitors, perceivs and collect the information of the monitoring objects in real time. Wireless sensor network is an important carrier for the promotion of the Internet of things, and the future extension of Internet The coverage and the key technologies to support pervasive computing. The rapid development of wireless sensor networks (WSN) promotes the realization of information perception, information interoperability and intelligent decision-making ability in the social production and life of the Internet of things, and has been widely used in many fields. It has shown great application value and has become a research heat at the present stage. Point.
As a new distributed computing platform for information acquisition and processing technology, wireless sensor networks have no central ad hoc networks, dynamic changes in network topology, limited communication and computing power, limited power and energy and other characteristics. The environment is unpredictability, and environmental factors such as vibration, electromagnetic, system noise and random noise. Interference causes error sensing data. Or because the movement of nodes is beyond the range of communication, object blocking, channel interference and data collision congestion, the quality of the network link is poor, and there is a temporary or permanent fault, resulting in the failure of the data transmission, affecting the transmission reliability and stability of the wireless sensor network and the self organization of the network. Ability, adaptability and robustness pose a greater challenge. High reliability and stability is still a difficult point in wireless sensor network technology.
Fault tolerant strategies can improve the robustness and transmission reliability of wireless sensor networks. The essence of the fault tolerant strategy is to find a reasonable fault tolerant control scheme in time when the detection network is abnormal or fault, and to adapt to a variety of network anomalies and continue to provide high credibility computing services. But based on the network structure formed in advance, It is unable to meet the large-scale and extensible requirements of wireless sensor networks. And because of network complexity and fault diversity and limited to actual application conditions, existing fault tolerant models simply abstract and extract features, lack independent online learning ability for new fault features, and seriously affect network fault tolerance performance. The existing fault characteristics need to be further studied in the dynamic adaptive fault tolerant structural framework, and the design of autonomous online fault tolerance.
The stability and reliability of network transmission will be affected by the nodes or link failures and working environment of wireless sensor networks. This paper is mainly on the wireless sensor network network layer, by taking active fault prevention or network anomaly fault tolerance to improve the reliability of network transmission. Routing algorithm, or using a variety of fault tolerant strategies in the network layer, or coalition control optimization, or the introduction of bionic immune mechanism and modern bionic intelligent algorithm to carry out network layer reliable transmission and fault tolerance research. The specific work is as follows:
(1) according to the Apocalypse of ant ant bionic intelligent algorithm for fault-tolerant routing of wireless sensor networks, a fault tolerant routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks with non-uniform hierarchical clustering is proposed. Based on the characteristics of backbone network, a mathematical model and a network topology are established, and an improved particle swarm algorithm (IPSO) is used to carry out the non-uniform static state of the network nodes. Clustering, constructing an inhomogeneous hierarchical clustering topology, introducing the optimal worst ant system (BWAS) to establish multiple transmission links between adjacent hierarchical nodes, and establishing fault tolerant network routing based on the ant pheromone normalized value as the selection probability of the transmission path. Meanwhile, the fault tolerance and complexity are theoretically analyzed and data packets are analyzed. Receiving rate, average transmission time and energy consumption equalization are simulated and analyzed.
(2) aiming at the influence of the coding mechanism on the transmission reliability of wireless sensor networks, a multipath reliable transmission strategy based on erasure coding is proposed. The hierarchical calibration of the network nodes and the determination of the path pheromone value according to the ant colony algorithm. The pheromone normalized value of the optimal ant system is based on the quality of the link. The multipath routing fault tolerance mechanism is set up between adjacent nodes, the erasure coding is optimized and the multi path load balancing mechanism based on erasure coding is established. The data packets of the source packets are allocated and transmitted along multiple paths through the erasure code, and the mathematical model is established and the theoretical analysis is carried out, and the load is tested by simulation. Balance and fault tolerance performance.
(3) aiming at the influence of the gradient strategy on the reliability and fault tolerance of network transmission, a multi-path reliable transmission fault tolerant strategy based on the gradient based wireless sensor network is proposed. First, the non-uniform topology of the two K mean unequal probability clusters is constructed, and the comprehensive measurement information of the node is calculated according to the quality evaluation function and the contour line is established, Jian Liji. In the multi-path routing of the gradient, the multi path transmission of load balanced erasure coding is implemented. A mathematical model of multi path transmission under the load balancing mechanism is established, and the network multiple performance indicators such as the successful transmission rate and energy efficiency of the data are theoretically analyzed and simulated.
(4) according to the immune system mechanism to construct the multi-path fault-tolerant routing of wireless sensor networks, a multi-path fault-tolerant routing algorithm based on immune system mechanism is proposed. The mechanism of immune system is studied. The artificial immune system model is associated with the attribute of the fault tolerance of the wireless sensor network. The basic problems such as cluster and immune multipath are the use of immune system mechanism to cluster the network to construct a compact cluster topology, using the immune system mechanism to optimize the multiple transmission paths of the initial mutual non cross transmission and form the optimal transmission path, set up a mathematical model and carry out the performance of the algorithm. Theoretical analysis is carried out to test the compactness of clustering algorithm, convergence and energy consumption of immune routing algorithm.
To sum up, this paper, focusing on the goal of improving the stable operation and reliable transmission of wireless sensor networks, constructs the related theory and method system of network fault tolerance, and establishes a fault bionic intelligent fault tolerant platform to improve the transmission reliability and operation stability of the wireless sensor network, for industrial monitoring, mine safety monitoring and agricultural biology. Environmental protection provides theoretical and technical support for WSN early warning system with high network reliability.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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