量子安全直接通信及网络技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 18:03

本文选题：量子安全直接通信 + 无消相干子空间　；参考：《华中科技大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：量子信息学是近年来迅速发展起来的以信息技术和量子力学基本原理为基础的新型交叉学科,量子力学中的不可克隆定理和测不准原理保证了量子信息系统的绝对安全性,因此量子信息技术得到了广泛的关注。量子通信技术作为量子信息领域中最成熟、实用化程度最高的研究内容得到了飞速的发展。从第一个量子密钥分发协议BB84协议的提出,到量子密钥分发系统在实验环节得以成功实现,量子通信系统在理论和实验中均取得了较大的研究成果。量子安全直接通信系统作为量子通信系统的研究分支之一,具有无需产生量子密钥而直接、安全的传输保密信息的特点,近年来受到了人们的广泛关注。然而,目前量子直接通信系统的研究主要集中在对具体通信协议的设计中,所提出的通信协议均是基于理想通信环境,对该系统的实用化研究较为欠缺。本文以提高量子直接安全通信系统工程化、实用化为主要目标,围绕量子安全直接通信系统的噪声问题和网络化问题从以下三个方面展开深入的研究工作。 (1)分析了量子噪声对量子通信系统的影响,考虑量子安全直接通信系统对安全性的要求,将经典量子编码技术和量子系统相结合,提出一个基于无消相干子空间的量子安全直接通信系统模型。该模型能很好的克服由于集体相位消相干而引起的量子噪声问题,本文对其工作流程和安全性问题进行了详细讨论,解决了量子安全直接通信系统的噪声问题,提高了该系统的安全性。 (2)在现有量子网络基本理论的基础上,结合量子中继器的基本概念,提出了一种基于量子中继器的量子直接通信网络系统。首先针对点对点的量子直接通信系统引入量子中继器的概念,提出了基于诱骗态的双向量子态传输系统,在此基础上设计了通过量子中继器连接的双通信环量子安全直接通信网络结构,增加了量子安全直接通信系统的通信距离。讨论了多通信环的量子直接通信系统网络,较好的提高了系统灵活性和实用性。对所设计系统的安全性进行了分析,并将量子中继器作为网络节点进行了吞吐量的仿真分析工作。 (3)对量子安全直接通信系统的复用问题进行了研究,提出了基于自由空间传输的量子安全直接通信系统空分复用的理论模型,对该模型的接收和发送部分进行了详细的设计,并对基本工作流程进行了分析讨论。讨论了传输信道是自由空间时信道中的各种因素对传输系统性能的影响,增加了量子安全直接通信系统的通信容量和系统灵活性。
[Abstract]:Quantum informatics is a new interdisciplinary subject based on the basic principles of information technology and quantum mechanics developed rapidly in recent years. The non-cloning theorem and uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics ensure the absolute security of quantum information system. Therefore, quantum information technology has received extensive attention. As the most mature and practical research content in the field of quantum information, quantum communication technology has been developed rapidly. From the proposal of the first quantum key distribution protocol BB84 to the successful implementation of the quantum key distribution system in the experiment, the quantum key distribution system has made great achievements in both theory and experiment. As one of the research branches of quantum communication system, quantum secure direct communication system has been paid more and more attention in recent years because of its characteristics of transmitting secret information directly and safely without generating quantum key. However, at present, the research of quantum direct communication system is mainly focused on the design of specific communication protocols. The proposed communication protocols are based on the ideal communication environment, and the practical research on the system is relatively lacking. The aim of this paper is to improve the engineering and practicability of quantum direct secure communication system. The noise problem and network problem of quantum secure direct communication system are studied from the following three aspects. (1) the influence of quantum noise on quantum communication system is analyzed. Considering the security requirement of quantum secure direct communication system, a quantum secure direct communication system model based on non-coherent subspace is proposed by combining classical quantum coding technology with quantum system. The model can overcome the problem of quantum noise caused by collective phase decoherence. In this paper, the working flow and security of the model are discussed in detail, and the noise problem of quantum secure direct communication system is solved. The security of the system is improved. (2) based on the basic theory of quantum network and the basic concept of quantum repeater, a quantum direct communication network system based on quantum repeater is proposed. Firstly, the concept of quantum repeater is introduced to the dot quantum direct communication system, and a bidirectional quantum state transmission system based on decoy state is proposed. On this basis, the quantum secure direct communication network structure connected by quantum repeater is designed, and the communication distance of quantum secure direct communication system is increased. The quantum direct communication network with multiple communication rings is discussed, which improves the flexibility and practicability of the system. The security of the designed system is analyzed, and the quantum repeater is used as the network node to simulate and analyze the throughput. (3) the multiplexing problem of the quantum secure direct communication system is studied. A theoretical model of space-division multiplexing for quantum secure direct communication system based on free space transmission is proposed. The receiving and transmitting parts of the model are designed in detail and the basic workflow is analyzed and discussed. This paper discusses the influence of various factors on the performance of the transmission system when the transmission channel is a free space, and increases the communication capacity and system flexibility of the quantum secure direct communication system.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN918;O413

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