超宽带双极化喇叭天线的研究

发布时间：2018-07-16 18:04

【摘要】：超宽带天线作为无线通信系统的最前端，已经广泛应用于电磁测量、电磁兼容测试、超宽带雷达等领域中。喇叭天线因其具有频宽带、方向性好、以及具有高增益和高功率负载的能力而得到了广泛的应用。本文所涉及的喇叭天线其几何形状简单，容易加工，且有较好的方向性。相对窄频带天线来说，超宽带天线不仅频带宽，而且性能稳定，它有低功耗、超大的信息容量、超强抗干扰能力和超强穿透力等优点。双极化天线近些年来也得到非常广泛的应用。在通信领域中可同时实现收发双工模式，进而可以减少定向基站工作天线的数量；在某些测试领域中可减少对不同极化方向天线的切换次数，，以确保工作效率的有效提高。为了适应未来无线通信的发展，在追求天线宽频带的特性的同时，还应兼顾到天线的小型化，方向图以及增益的稳定性等诸多问题。首先，本文以Vivaldi天线结构为基础，从天线的基本理论着手分析，分别给出了它们的特性阻抗，截止频率，辐射特性等参数，并完成了单极化天线的设计。然后在此天线的基础上设计了工作在3.1~10.6GHz频带范围内的双极化天线，并通过侧翼栅格、尾翼栅格等结构的加载，有效的改善天线的辐射特性。其次，从圆形脊波导理论开始，对加脊波导的主模截止波长、脊波导阻抗等参数进行分析和推导，设计了一具有开放边界的双极化喇叭天线。通过对天线进行矩形金属结构加载、漏斗形金属结构加载以及减小馈电探针到脊片末端距离等的设计，在2~18GHz的频带范围内实现了良好的辐射特性。第三，本文运用三维全波电磁仿真CST软件。根据软件仿真数据对设计的两个双极化喇叭天线进行制作实物，并进行了测试。经过实验发现测试结果与仿真结果可以很好的吻合。
[Abstract]:As the front end of wireless communication system, UWB antenna has been widely used in electromagnetic measurement, electromagnetic compatibility testing, UWB radar and other fields. Horn antenna has been widely used because of its wide band, good directivity, high gain and high power load. The horn antenna in this paper has simple geometry, easy processing and good directivity. Compared with narrow band antenna, UWB antenna not only has frequency bandwidth, but also has stable performance. It has the advantages of low power consumption, large information capacity, super anti-interference ability and super penetration. Dual polarization antennas have been widely used in recent years. In the field of communication, we can simultaneously realize transceiver duplex mode, which can reduce the number of directional base station working antennas. In some test fields, we can reduce the number of switching antennas in different polarization directions, so as to ensure the effective improvement of work efficiency. In order to adapt to the development of wireless communication in the future, many problems such as antenna miniaturization, pattern and gain stability should be taken into account while pursuing the broadband characteristics of antenna. Firstly, based on the structure of Vivaldi antenna, the characteristic impedance, cutoff frequency and radiation characteristic of Vivaldi antenna are given, and the design of single polarization antenna is completed. On the basis of this antenna, a dual-polarization antenna working in the frequency band of 3.1g 10.6GHz is designed, and the radiation characteristics of the antenna are improved effectively by loading the structure of the flanking grid and the tail grid. Secondly, starting from the theory of circular ridged waveguide, the main mode cut-off wavelength and the impedance of ridged waveguide are analyzed and deduced, and a dual-polarized horn antenna with open boundary is designed. By loading the antenna with rectangular metal structure, loading the funnel metal structure and reducing the distance from the feed probe to the end of the ridge, good radiation characteristics are realized in the frequency band of 2G ~ 18GHz. Thirdly, three-dimensional full-wave electromagnetic simulation CST software is used in this paper. According to the simulation data, two dual polarization horn antennas are fabricated and tested. The experimental results show that the test results are in good agreement with the simulation results.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN822.8

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