紧凑型宽频带MIMO天线的设计

发布时间：2018-07-18 09:26

【摘要】：无线数据业务推动了无线通信的快速发展,极大地丰富了人们的生活,同时也给研究人员带来了前所未有的挑战(频谱资源匮乏、数据传输效率低)。对多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)的深入研究能很好应对这方面的挑战,弥补技术上的空缺。面对日益紧缺的频谱资源,多输入多输出系统与普通的单输入单输出系统相比较具有很强的优势,具体体现在:高效的频谱利用率、有效地利用多径衰落提高无线通信系统性能、采用空间多路复用提高数据传输率、运用智能天线技术增强信噪比和抑制复用信道干扰,这些优点使得MIMO技术备受青睐。然而,当今无线通信领域发展中有两大问题迫切需要解决,一是,如此有限的频谱资源如何更高效地被人们所利用;二是,受限于MIMO天线的设计,导致MIMO技术无法大规模地应用在蜂窝移动通信中,因此,MIMO天线的研究具有理论意义和实际价值。本文根据无线通信系统的自身特点和基本技术指标,设计并制作了多款紧凑型MIMO天线,所设计的天线能很好满足无线局域网(Wireless Local Area Network,WLAN)的要求。现将本文研究的主要内容总结如下:1)对比分析了普通微带天线和E型微带天线的等效电路和辐射性能,并对两种馈电方式作了分析对比,为选取合适的天线单元提供可行性方案。2)综合分析多种增强端口隔离度的方法后,提出了一种改善端口隔离度的新方法,就是在馈线之间引入婉转枝节,并在此基础上设计了一款覆盖WLAN频段的二元MIMO天线。3)设计了两款覆盖WLAN(2.4/5.2/5.8GHz)频段的二元MIMO天线,通过槽加载技术减小天线体积并优化位置布局,利用极化分集改善天线间的耦合特性。4)分别对所制作的天线进行了实验测试,测试结果和软件模拟结果吻合较好,验证了设计的正确性。
[Abstract]:Wireless data services promote the rapid development of wireless communication, greatly enrich people's lives, but also bring unprecedented challenges to researchers (lack of spectrum resources, low efficiency of data transmission). The in-depth study of multiple input multiple output MIMO (MIMO) can meet the challenges and make up the technical gaps. In the face of the growing shortage of spectrum resources, the multi-input multiple-output system has a strong advantage over the common single-input single-output system, which is embodied in: efficient spectrum efficiency, Multi-path fading is used to improve the performance of wireless communication system, spatial multiplexing is used to improve data transmission rate, smart antenna technology is used to enhance SNR and suppress multiplexed channel interference. These advantages make MIMO technology more and more popular. However, there are two major problems to be solved in the field of wireless communication. One is how to use such limited spectrum resources more efficiently, the other is limited by the design of MIMO antenna. MIMO technology can not be applied to cellular mobile communication on a large scale, so the research of MIMO antenna has theoretical significance and practical value. According to the characteristics and basic technical specifications of wireless communication system, several compact MIMO antennas are designed and fabricated in this paper. The designed antennas can meet the requirements of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). In this paper, the main contents of this paper are summarized as follows: (1) the equivalent circuit and radiation performance of ordinary microstrip antenna and E type microstrip antenna are compared, and the two feeding modes are analyzed and compared. After analyzing various methods to enhance the isolation degree of the ports, a new method to improve the isolation degree of the ports is put forward, which is to introduce the tactful branches between the feeders. On this basis, a binary MIMO antenna covering WLAN band is designed. Two dual MIMO antennas covering WLAN (2.4 / 5.2 / 5.8GHz) band are designed. The slot loading technique is used to reduce the size of the antenna and optimize the position layout. Using polarization diversity to improve the coupling characteristics between antennas. 4) the experimental results of the antennas are tested. The results are in good agreement with the software simulation results, and the correctness of the design is verified.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN822.8

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