小卫星编队组网机制研究

发布时间：2018-07-18 20:53

【摘要】：随着时代的发展,人类正从太空获取越来越多的对地、对空探测信息,卫星需要承担的科学探测任务也正在变得越来越多、越来越复杂,这导致了卫星质量和体积地不断增大。除此之外,传统大卫星的载荷模块以及支持载荷模块正常工作的其他各子系统相互间紧密结合,这其中任何一个模块出现故障都会直接或间接影响其他模块的正常工作,甚至会导致整个系统失去所有的功能。因此,传统的大卫星技术越来越难以适应新时期的实际应用需求。在此背景下,分布式卫星系统逐渐引起了世界各国地关注,并且在近几年得到了一定程度地发展,逐渐成为了新时期卫星技术的发展趋势之一。小卫星编队在运行过程中,其通信系统除了承担大量载荷数据的高速传输外,为了确保编队的安全飞行以及快速处理各种突发事件,还需要实时、可靠传输小卫星间的位置、速度等在轨运行信息。因此传统上基于地面的卫星测控通信一体化系统已无法应用到分布式卫星系统中,如何建立可靠的小卫星编队通信网络,实现各类数据的实时、可靠、高效传输,是一项迫切需要解决的核心问题。针对分布式卫星系统的工作场景和特殊需求,本文采用分层异构自组织网络构建了高效可靠的小卫星编队通信系统,即:通过运控子网与数传子网的适度分离与解耦,以运控子网为基础,其承载实时、低速的组网信令(包括精确编队飞行的运控信息),且全向覆盖,以支撑用户的随机接入与退出,并实现QoS优先。在运控子网之上承载数传子网,其支持非实时、高速的数据业务,且定向覆盖,以支撑高效传输,并实现能效优先。为了满足各自的功能需求,二者需采用不同的通信协议,包括:路由、媒体接入控制协议以及物理层相关传输技术等。本文中,运控子网采用了无中心的无线Mesh网络结构,以能够提供多条端到端的传输路径,并且能够提供迂回路由,提高了网络的抗毁能力。而数传子网采用了点对多点(PMP)网络结构,以实现载荷数据的高速定向传输。此外,为了更加准确地衡量网络的综合性能,本文提出了网络传输效率这一概念。最后通过构建网络模型,分别仿真了异构网络与同构网络的性能,仿真结果表明采用分层异构网络模型可以明显改善系统的性能,其更适用于小卫星编队通信网络,能够支持分布式卫星系统的正常工作。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times, people are getting more and more information from space, and the scientific exploration tasks that satellites need to undertake are becoming more and more complex, which leads to the increasing quality and volume of satellites. In addition, the load modules of the traditional large satellites and other subsystems supporting the normal operation of the load modules are closely integrated with each other. Any failure of any of these modules will directly or indirectly affect the normal operation of the other modules. It can even cause the entire system to lose all its functionality. Therefore, the traditional large satellite technology is becoming more and more difficult to adapt to the practical needs of the new era. In this context, distributed satellite system has gradually attracted the attention of the world, and in recent years has been developed to a certain extent, gradually becoming one of the trends of satellite technology in the new era. In the process of small satellite formation operation, in addition to the high-speed transmission of a large amount of load data, in order to ensure the safe flight of the formation and to deal with all kinds of emergencies, it is also necessary to transmit the position of small satellites in real time and reliably. Speed and other information on orbit operation. Therefore, the traditional ground-based satellite TT & C communication integration system can not be applied to the distributed satellite system. How to establish a reliable small satellite formation communication network to achieve real-time, reliable and efficient transmission of all kinds of data, Is an urgent need to solve the core problem. Aiming at the working situation and special requirement of distributed satellite system, this paper constructs an efficient and reliable communication system of small satellite formation by using hierarchical and heterogeneous self-organizing network, that is, through the proper separation and decoupling between the operation control subnet and the data transmission subnet. Based on the operational control subnet, it carries real-time, low-speed network signaling (including precise formation flight control information), and covers all directions to support the random access and exit of users, and realize QoS priority. It supports non-real-time, high-speed data services and directional coverage to support efficient transmission and energy efficiency priority. In order to meet their respective functional requirements, they need to adopt different communication protocols, including: routing, media access control protocol and physical layer related transmission technology. In this paper, a centerless wireless mesh network structure is used to provide multiple end-to-end transmission paths and circuitous routing to improve the network survivability. The point to multipoint (PMP) network structure is adopted in the digital subnet to realize the high speed directional transmission of load data. In addition, in order to measure the network performance more accurately, this paper puts forward the concept of network transmission efficiency. Finally, the performance of heterogeneous network and isomorphic network are simulated by constructing the network model. The simulation results show that the layered heterogeneous network model can obviously improve the performance of the system, and it is more suitable for small satellite formation communication network. Can support the normal operation of distributed satellite system.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN927.2

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