光纤量子通信网络中的多址技术及单光子波长变换研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 19:35

【摘要】：量子密钥分发基于量子力学的基本原理,它应用了海森堡不确定性原理和未知量子态的不可克隆性,具有无条件的安全性,因而成为国内外密码学和量子物理学领域研究和开发的热点。从诞生到现在二十年以来,量子密钥分发从实验室研究,已经发展到了数十个用户的小规模城域组网,而且正在从城域网向更大规模的广域网络迈进,乃至发展为全球规模的量子通信网络。因此研究量子通信网络中的多址接入技术十分重要。本文正是围绕多址技术展开研究,包括量子通信网络中的多址技术以及波分多址中的单光子波长变换技术。首先,论文介绍了多用户量子通信的研究以及发展现状,阐述了在量子通信网络中研究多址接入技术和单光子波长变换的重要意义。其次,讲述了多用户量子通信技术的相关理论知识,包括从功能、协议两个方面来描述了量子密钥分发网络的基本结构;讲述了量子比特、几种常见量子态、不确定性原理和未知量子态的不可克隆性以及光场的量子化等量子信息相关理论基础;阐述了单光子信号的制备以及探测技术;介绍了基于单光子信号的量子通信协议,包括BB84协议、弱相干光诱骗态协议。第三,参考经典通信中多址接入方式,研究了量子通信网络中可行的多址技术,构建了多址网络模型,分析对比了量子密钥产生率,结果表明基于TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access)的量子密钥分发网络可以提供一个没有干扰的、高效的量子密钥分发服务;基于CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)的量子密钥分发网络在码重??1时才能实现它的最佳性能。针对基于CDMA的量子密钥分发网络提出了一种采用LBS(Listen Before Send)算法的改进方法;针对TDMA网络模型的不足,引入波长这一参数,结合WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing)技术,进一步构建了一种支持大容量多用户的WDM-TDMA混合网络模型,分析了其密钥产生速率。第四,针对量子通信网络中子网间的量子信息交换导致的网络阻塞问题,研究了波分多址中的单光子波长变换技术。证明了四波混频(Four-Wave Mixing,简记FWM)与差频(Difference Frequency Generation,简记DFG)过程中量子态完全转移的可能性以及其实现单光子波长完全转换的条件;构建了一种基于FWM与DFG级联的单光子波长二次变换初步实验方案,并对方案进行了简单的分析。最后,对全文进行了总结以及对未来工作进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Quantum key distribution is based on the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. It applies the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the non-cloning of unknown quantum states, and has unconditional security. Therefore, it has become a hot spot in the field of cryptography and quantum physics at home and abroad. From birth to now, quantum key distribution has developed from laboratory research to small scale metropolitan area network of dozens of users, and is moving from man to wide-area network on a larger scale. Even the development of quantum communication networks on a global scale. Therefore, it is very important to study the multiple access technology in quantum communication networks. This paper focuses on multiple access technology, including multiple access technology in quantum communication networks and single-photon wavelength conversion technology in wavelength division multiple access (WDM). Firstly, the research and development of multiuser quantum communication are introduced, and the significance of studying multiple access technology and single photon wavelength conversion in quantum communication network is expounded. Secondly, the theoretical knowledge of multiuser quantum communication technology is described, including the basic structure of quantum key distribution network from the aspects of function and protocol, quantum bits, several common quantum states, The principle of uncertainty, the noncloning of unknown quantum states, the quantization of light field, the preparation and detection technology of single photon signal, the quantum communication protocol based on single photon signal are introduced. Including BB84 protocol, weak coherent optical decoy state protocol. Thirdly, referring to the multiple access mode in classical communication, the feasible multiple access technology in quantum communication network is studied, the model of multiple access network is constructed, and the quantum key generation rate is analyzed and compared. The results show that the quantum key distribution network based on TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) can provide a non-interference and efficient quantum key distribution service, and that the quantum key distribution network based on CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) can achieve its best performance only at code replay 1. An improved method based on LBS (Listen Before Send) algorithm is proposed for quantum key distribution network based on CDMA, and the parameter of wavelength is introduced into the model of TDMA network, which is combined with WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) technology. Furthermore, a WDM-TDMA hybrid network model supporting large capacity and multiple users is constructed, and its key generation rate is analyzed. Fourthly, the single photon wavelength conversion technique in wavelength division multiple access (WDM) is studied for the blocking problem caused by quantum information exchange between subnetworks in quantum communication networks. The possibility of quantum state complete transfer in the process of Four-Wave mixing (FWM) and differential (Difference Frequency Generation, shorthand (DFG) is proved, and the condition of realizing the complete conversion of single photon wavelength is also proved. An experimental scheme of single photon wavelength secondary conversion based on FWM and DFG cascade is proposed and analyzed. Finally, the paper summarizes the full text and prospects the future work.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.11;TN918.4

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