多重天线阵列结构的GNSS接收机抗干扰方法研究
发布时间：2018-08-23 08:18
【摘要】：全球卫星导航系统（Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS）能够为用户提供全天候、高精度、连续性和实时性的定位、导航、授时服务，在生产生活的各个领域被广泛应用并发挥了巨大作用，现已成为各国积极建设的国防及民用基础设施，形成了GPS、Galileo、BeiDou-2、GLONASS四大系统并行发展的格局，并推动了GNSS现代化进程。 GNSS系统存在诸多缺陷，在现代化进程中不断得到改善，因此诞生了新的导航信号及不同的调制方式，来提高系统的服务性能，但由于频谱资源有限，越来越多的信号拥挤在L频段，不同的导航信号之间形成系统内和系统间干扰，并拓宽了接收机的接收带宽，由单频点的几（十）MHz增加到多频点的几百MHz。更严重的是，受限于卫星功率及高度，地面接收信号微弱，大功率的压制式射频干扰会使接收机无法工作，这是GNSS现代化无法解决的问题，而成本低廉的压制式干扰是昂贵的GNSS系统面临的最大威胁。 本文从GNSS信号特点及接收机工作原理出发，以阵列信号处理理论为基础研究不同应用环境下采用不同阵列结构的GNSS抗干扰接收技术，针对以下问题展开研究并给出相应的抗干扰算法： 第一：兼容性及干扰/抗干扰性能的量化度量问题。兼容性是GNSS接收机正常工作的基础，也是互操作的前提，本文首先给出传统及现代化信号的调制方式及信号产生和捕获原理，根据信号特征分析系统内及系统间多个信号的影响，给出量化参数；接着给出常见压制式干扰的信号模型，并将兼容性评估方法延伸到压制式干扰环境，给出干扰对信号影响的评估准则与量化参数，结合接收机捕获性能验证评估参数的有效性，作为后续抗干扰算法研究与性能评价的基础。 第二：GNSS单频点抗干扰接收机的实现应用问题。对于单频点信号，，以相干模型为基础，根据GNSS信号特点研究基于天线阵列的自适应波束形成（Adaptive Digital Beamforming，ADBF）相关算法在GNSS接收机上的实现。首先针对GNSS信号微弱难以实现波达角（Direction of Arrival，DOA）估计的特点，研究无需DOA先验信息的全盲自适应波束形成技术，降低系统复杂度的同时也避免由DOA估计误差导致的性能降低；然后针对接收机载体的移动、抖动、翻转特性，研究对干扰方向具有鲁棒性的二维零陷展宽算法，当干扰方向偏离零陷方向时依然能有效抑制；最后针对ADBF算法在硬件上实现需要矩阵求逆及大规模除法的问题，给出无需除法的数值解算方法，降低系统复杂度与硬件成本。针对上述算法通过软件模拟器、软件接收机、硬件开发平台的半实物仿真进行性能验证。 第三：GNSS接收机天线阵元受限问题。自适应天线阵列的性能主要由阵面尺寸与阵元个数决定，而GNSS接收机的移动性决定了天线阵列的尺寸受限，L波段进一步限制了阵元个数，因此与相控阵系统以降低计算量为目的不同的是，GNSS接收机需要以有限的阵元数达到更好的接收性能。对此提出密集重叠子阵结构，密集重叠子阵结构不仅充分利用每个阵元的接收信号，通过二级处理获得额外的增益，并从结构上避免了子阵输出的栅瓣问题，防止性能恶化。讨论两级不同的加权模式对阵列性能的影响，针对不同应用环境来确定适当的加权方式。仿真结果验证了该阵列结构相比常规阵元结构在输出性能与复杂度上具有双重的优越性，以此为基础设计了基于空域波束切换——时域码相位搜索——频域多普勒搜索的低复杂度GNSS抗干扰接收机。 第四：GNSS宽带信号与稀布阵列的非相干接收问题。针对多系统多频点接收机，给出非相干阵列的宽带信号模型，采用空时自适应处理（Space-Time Adaptive Processing，STAP）结构，研究STAP信号模型及全盲抗干扰算法，并分析STAP结构对期望信号的影响。接着对大尺度阵元间距的非相干稀布阵列研究波束形成方法，分析阵元间距对DOA及方向图的影响，以STAP的时间抽头加权补偿信号传播延迟，将非相干接收信号转变为相干信号，再通过相位加权消除干扰信号。然后将固定的稀布阵列推广到动态的多用户多天线接收，研究基于Ad-hoc网络的多节点协作波束形成方法，给出不依赖于阵列几何形状的DOA模糊消除方法，最后对多节点的接收信号利用时间补偿与相位加权综合后为手持用户提供干扰抑制能力。
[Abstract]:Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can provide all-weather, high-precision, continuous and real-time positioning, navigation, time service for users. It has been widely used and played a huge role in various fields of production and life. It has become a national defense and civil infrastructure actively constructed by various countries, forming a G. The parallel development pattern of PS, Galileo, BeiDou-2, GLONASS and the four systems have promoted the modernization of GNSS.
GNSS system has many shortcomings and has been improved continuously in the process of modernization. Therefore, new navigation signals and different modulation modes have been born to improve the service performance of the system. However, due to the limited spectrum resources, more and more signals are crowded in the L-band. Different navigation signals form intra-system and inter-system interference and broaden the system performance. The receiving bandwidth of the receiver increases from a few (10) MHz of a single frequency point to several hundred MHz of a multi-frequency point. What's more, limited by the satellite power and height, the ground received signal is weak, and the high-power compressed radio frequency interference will make the receiver unable to work. This is an unsolvable problem in the modernization of GNSS, and the low-cost compressed interference is expensive. The biggest threat to the GNSS system.
Based on the characteristics of GNSS signal and the working principle of the receiver, this paper studies the anti-jamming receiving technology of GNSS with different array structures in different application environments on the basis of array signal processing theory.
Firstly, the problem of quantization of compatibility and interference/anti-jamming performance is discussed. Compatibility is the basis of the normal operation of GNSS receiver and the premise of interoperability. Firstly, the modulation mode of traditional and modern signals and the principle of signal generation and acquisition are given. According to the signal characteristics, the influence of multiple signals in and between systems is analyzed. Secondly, the signal model of common suppressed jamming is given, and the compatibility evaluation method is extended to suppressed jamming environment. The evaluation criteria and quantization parameters of jamming effect on signal are given. The validity of evaluation parameters is verified by receiver acquisition performance, which is the basis of subsequent anti-jamming algorithm research and performance evaluation.
Second, the application of GNSS single-frequency anti-jamming receiver. For single-frequency signal, based on the coherence model, according to the characteristics of GNSS signal, the adaptive digital Beamforming (ADBF) correlation algorithm based on antenna array is studied in GNSS receiver. Firstly, it is difficult to realize the wave for weak GNSS signal. Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation is characterized by blind adaptive beamforming without prior DOA information, which reduces the complexity of the system and avoids the performance degradation caused by DOA estimation error. Then, two-dimensional zero robust to jamming direction is studied for the characteristics of carrier movement, jitter and flip. Finally, aiming at the problem of matrix inversion and large-scale division in hardware implementation of ADBF algorithm, a numerical method without division is given to reduce the system complexity and hardware cost. The hardware in the loop simulation of the development platform is carried out to verify the performance.
Thirdly, the antenna element constraints of GNSS receivers. The performance of the adaptive antenna array is mainly determined by the array size and the number of elements. The mobility of the GNSS receivers determines the size of the antenna array. The L-band further limits the number of elements. Therefore, unlike the phased array system, the GNSS receives the antenna array for the purpose of reducing the computational complexity. A dense overlapping subarray structure is proposed, which not only makes full use of the received signals of each array element, but also obtains additional gain by secondary processing. The problem of gate lobes of subarray output is avoided and the performance deterioration is prevented. The simulation results show that the array structure has double advantages over the conventional array element structure in output performance and complexity. Based on this, a space-domain beam switching-time-domain code phase searching-multi-frequency domain is designed. Low complexity GNSS anti-jamming receiver.
Fourth: incoherent reception of GNSS wideband signals and sparse arrays. For multi-system multi-frequency point receivers, a broadband signal model of incoherent arrays is given, and a space-time adaptive processing (STAP) structure is used to study the STAP signal model and the full-blind anti-jamming algorithm, and the STAP structure is analyzed for the desired signal. Secondly, beamforming method is studied for incoherent sparse arrays with large-scale array spacing. The influence of array spacing on DOA and pattern is analyzed. The propagation delay is compensated with STAP time-tap weighting. The incoherent received signal is transformed into coherent signal, and the interference signal is eliminated by phase weighting. Column is extended to dynamic multi-user multi-antenna reception. A multi-node cooperative beamforming method based on AD-hoc network is studied. A DOA blur cancellation method independent of array geometry is presented. Finally, the received signals of multi-node are combined with time compensation and phase weighting to provide interference suppression capability for handheld users.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN965.5
本文编号：2198467
[Abstract]:Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can provide all-weather, high-precision, continuous and real-time positioning, navigation, time service for users. It has been widely used and played a huge role in various fields of production and life. It has become a national defense and civil infrastructure actively constructed by various countries, forming a G. The parallel development pattern of PS, Galileo, BeiDou-2, GLONASS and the four systems have promoted the modernization of GNSS.
GNSS system has many shortcomings and has been improved continuously in the process of modernization. Therefore, new navigation signals and different modulation modes have been born to improve the service performance of the system. However, due to the limited spectrum resources, more and more signals are crowded in the L-band. Different navigation signals form intra-system and inter-system interference and broaden the system performance. The receiving bandwidth of the receiver increases from a few (10) MHz of a single frequency point to several hundred MHz of a multi-frequency point. What's more, limited by the satellite power and height, the ground received signal is weak, and the high-power compressed radio frequency interference will make the receiver unable to work. This is an unsolvable problem in the modernization of GNSS, and the low-cost compressed interference is expensive. The biggest threat to the GNSS system.
Based on the characteristics of GNSS signal and the working principle of the receiver, this paper studies the anti-jamming receiving technology of GNSS with different array structures in different application environments on the basis of array signal processing theory.
Firstly, the problem of quantization of compatibility and interference/anti-jamming performance is discussed. Compatibility is the basis of the normal operation of GNSS receiver and the premise of interoperability. Firstly, the modulation mode of traditional and modern signals and the principle of signal generation and acquisition are given. According to the signal characteristics, the influence of multiple signals in and between systems is analyzed. Secondly, the signal model of common suppressed jamming is given, and the compatibility evaluation method is extended to suppressed jamming environment. The evaluation criteria and quantization parameters of jamming effect on signal are given. The validity of evaluation parameters is verified by receiver acquisition performance, which is the basis of subsequent anti-jamming algorithm research and performance evaluation.
Second, the application of GNSS single-frequency anti-jamming receiver. For single-frequency signal, based on the coherence model, according to the characteristics of GNSS signal, the adaptive digital Beamforming (ADBF) correlation algorithm based on antenna array is studied in GNSS receiver. Firstly, it is difficult to realize the wave for weak GNSS signal. Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation is characterized by blind adaptive beamforming without prior DOA information, which reduces the complexity of the system and avoids the performance degradation caused by DOA estimation error. Then, two-dimensional zero robust to jamming direction is studied for the characteristics of carrier movement, jitter and flip. Finally, aiming at the problem of matrix inversion and large-scale division in hardware implementation of ADBF algorithm, a numerical method without division is given to reduce the system complexity and hardware cost. The hardware in the loop simulation of the development platform is carried out to verify the performance.
Thirdly, the antenna element constraints of GNSS receivers. The performance of the adaptive antenna array is mainly determined by the array size and the number of elements. The mobility of the GNSS receivers determines the size of the antenna array. The L-band further limits the number of elements. Therefore, unlike the phased array system, the GNSS receives the antenna array for the purpose of reducing the computational complexity. A dense overlapping subarray structure is proposed, which not only makes full use of the received signals of each array element, but also obtains additional gain by secondary processing. The problem of gate lobes of subarray output is avoided and the performance deterioration is prevented. The simulation results show that the array structure has double advantages over the conventional array element structure in output performance and complexity. Based on this, a space-domain beam switching-time-domain code phase searching-multi-frequency domain is designed. Low complexity GNSS anti-jamming receiver.
Fourth: incoherent reception of GNSS wideband signals and sparse arrays. For multi-system multi-frequency point receivers, a broadband signal model of incoherent arrays is given, and a space-time adaptive processing (STAP) structure is used to study the STAP signal model and the full-blind anti-jamming algorithm, and the STAP structure is analyzed for the desired signal. Secondly, beamforming method is studied for incoherent sparse arrays with large-scale array spacing. The influence of array spacing on DOA and pattern is analyzed. The propagation delay is compensated with STAP time-tap weighting. The incoherent received signal is transformed into coherent signal, and the interference signal is eliminated by phase weighting. Column is extended to dynamic multi-user multi-antenna reception. A multi-node cooperative beamforming method based on AD-hoc network is studied. A DOA blur cancellation method independent of array geometry is presented. Finally, the received signals of multi-node are combined with time compensation and phase weighting to provide interference suppression capability for handheld users.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN965.5
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 程立斌,李珊珊;透析伊拉克战争GPS干扰与反干扰[J];电光与控制;2004年01期
2 彭宇;王丹;;无线传感器网络定位技术综述[J];电子测量与仪器学报;2011年05期
3 曾伟一;林训超;曾友州;贺银平;;组合导航技术的发展趋势[J];成都航空职业技术学院学报;2011年02期
4 张炳琪;刘峰;陈禾;龙腾;;北斗B1频点公开服务信号调制方式研究[J];中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学;2011年05期
5 戴邵武;马长里;廖剑;;“北斗一代”导航定位系统分析与研究[J];计算机与数字工程;2010年03期
6 徐永祥;;GPS及其干扰技术研究[J];科技广场;2007年01期
7 姚一飞;王浩;赵东发;;北斗卫星导航定位系统综述[J];科技致富向导;2011年08期
8 梁高波;陈军;孙吉;;GPS M码信号特性及抗干扰性能分析[J];通信对抗;2010年04期
9 刘玉;;“北斗”二代与“伽利略”卫星频率之争[J];数字通信世界;2011年02期
10 王立宾;贺宏;;GPS M码、C/A码和P码性能比较研究[J];无线电工程;2008年04期
相关博士学位论文 前3条
1 柯構;NCS性能评估及BOC无模糊捕获技术研究[D];华中科技大学;2011年
2 何晓峰;北斗/微惯导组合导航方法研究[D];国防科学技术大学;2009年
3 侯友国;GPS接收机干扰抑制技术研究[D];电子科技大学;2010年
本文编号：2198467
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/wltx/2198467.html
