基于被动诱骗态的测量设备无关量子密钥分发的理论研究

发布时间：2018-08-23 09:57

【摘要】：量子密码学是量子力学和密码学结合的产物,而量子密钥分发(QKD)作为其中的核心,可以在通信双方建立无条件安全的密钥,从而实现无条件安全的信息交换。基于量子力学基本假设,QKD的无条件安全性已经在理论上得到证明。然而,由于实际设备的非完美性,实际QKD系统中存在一定的安全性漏洞,使得窃听者可以窃取部分或者全部的密钥信息,从而破坏实际系统的无条件安全性。本文主要从理论上研究了基于被动诱骗态的测量设备无关量子密钥分发,主要目的是为实验提供更好的理论依据。文章主要包含下面两个方面:1、介绍了测量设备无关量子密钥分发(MDI-QKD)、诱骗态以及被动诱骗态的基本模型。MDI-QKD可以移除全部的探测器漏洞。与诱骗态方案结合时,即使Alice和Bob使用的不是严格的单光子源,也可以保证通信的无条件安全性。然而,用主动调节光源光强来产生诱骗态的方法会引入侧信道并将信息泄漏给Eve。而被动诱骗态可以很好的解决这一问题。在被动诱骗态方案中,Alice和Bob根据光源部分一个特定的探测器响应情况来被动的选择诱骗态和信号态。2、研究被动诱骗态下MDI-QKD方案。在这个方案中,Alice和Bob向不可信的第三方Charlie发送脉冲。然后,我们给出估算Alice和Bob同时向Charlie发送单光子脉冲情况下的产率下限和误码率上限的公式,从而得到密钥生成速率的估算公式。另外,我们会根据标准统计分析,考虑有限数据长度引起的统计涨落。
[Abstract]:Quantum cryptography is a combination of quantum mechanics and cryptography. Quantum key distribution (QKD), as the core of it, can establish an unconditional secure key on both sides of the communication and realize unconditional secure information exchange. The unconditional security of QKD based on the basic hypothesis of quantum mechanics has been proved theoretically. However, due to the non-perfection of the actual equipment, there are certain security vulnerabilities in the actual QKD system, which makes eavesdroppers can steal some or all of the key information, thus destroying the unconditional security of the actual system. In this paper, we mainly study the measurement device independent quantum key distribution based on passive decoy state. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a better theoretical basis for the experiment. This paper mainly includes the following two aspects: 1, introduces the basic model of measurement device independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD), decoy state and passive decoy state. MDI-QKD can remove all the detector vulnerabilities. When combined with the decoy state scheme, Alice and Bob can guarantee the unconditional security of communication even if they do not use a strict single-photon source. However, the method of actively adjusting the light intensity of the light source to generate the decoy state will introduce the side channel and leak the information to Eve. And passive decoy can solve this problem very well. In the passive decoy state scheme, Alice and Bob passively select the decoy state and the signal state .2according to a specific detector response of the light source, and study the MDI-QKD scheme under the passive decoy state. In this scheme, Alice and Bob send pulses to untrusted third party Charlie. Then, we give the formula to estimate the lower limit of yield and the upper limit of bit error rate when Alice and Bob send single photon pulse to Charlie at the same time, and then we obtain the estimation formula of key generation rate. In addition, we consider the statistical fluctuation caused by finite data length according to the standard statistical analysis.
【学位授予单位】：国防科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN918.4;O413

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