雷达信号处理动目标检测的设计与实现
发布时间：2018-08-24 08:20
【摘要】：作为雷达系统的重要组成部分,雷达信号处理器决定着雷达信号的处理方式和检测结果,其性能的提升极大地推动着雷达系统的发展。随着数字信号处理技术(DSP)和超大规模集成电路技术(VLSI)的高速发展,雷达信号的产生和处理朝着数字化的方向迅速发展,促使雷达信号处理向着系统化、小型化、高速化的方向发展。动目标检测技术(MTD)是雷达信号处理中一项重要的技术手段,通过对相干处理间隔内的多组回波脉冲作相参处理,使回波信号的信噪比得到改善,从而使得雷达在复杂背景中发现目标的能力得到提高。MTD技术有两种常用的实现方式,分别基于FFT和FIR滤波器组实现。考虑两种实现方式的优缺点,提出结合FFT和FIR两种处理方式的动目标检测实现方法可以在有限的硬件消耗的基础上满足动目标检测的技术要求,这也是本文奋斗的目标。本文基于DSP的基本理论,首先研究了快速傅里叶算法(FFT)的意义以及按时域抽取基2FFT的基本原理,接着分析了原位计算和固定结构两种运算流图以及固定结构运算流图的三种实现结构,最后确定了采用乒乓操作方式完成8~4096点可变点FFT的RTL设计。本文设计的可变点FFT采用双碟形运算单元结构,两级蝶形运算连续处理,数据隔级进行缓存且数据存储本身也是乒乓存储,极大地减少了硬件消耗。本文基于雷达信号处理的基本理论,首先研究了动目标检测的基本理论,包括多普勒频率、快时间维和慢时间维采样、脉冲多普勒处理等,接着本文结合FFT和FIR两种处理方式完成可配置MTD电路的RTL设计。本文提出一种可配置存储复用的MTD电路,减小了检测能力与成本之间的矛盾和检测方式的单一性,提高了雷达信号处理器的抗干扰能力和应用范围。通过MATLAB软件建立相应的算法模型,对比MATLAB的处理结果与硬件电路的处理结果,从而完成可变点FFT以及MTD电路两种工作模式的功能验证。验证结果表明,可变点FFT的功能正确,相对误差小于10-4;基于FFT和FIR的动目标检测功能正确,其径向速度的测量误差均小于0.6 m/s。性能分析显示可变点FFT的最大工作频率为182.993 MHz;整体电路的最大工作频率为204.300 MHz。最后,在SMIC 0.13 um工艺条件下完成了可变点FFT的逻辑综合,其最大工作频率为250 MHz。
[Abstract]:As an important part of radar system, radar signal processor determines the processing mode and detection result of radar signal, and the improvement of its performance greatly promotes the development of radar system. With the rapid development of digital signal processing technology (DSP) and VLSI technology (VLSI), the generation and processing of radar signal is developing rapidly in the direction of digitization, which promotes the development of radar signal processing towards systematization and miniaturization. The direction of high-speed development. Moving target detection (MTD) is an important technique in radar signal processing. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) of echo signal is improved by coherent processing of multiple echo pulses in coherent processing interval. Therefore, the ability of radar to detect targets in complex background can be improved. There are two commonly used methods for radar detection, one is based on FFT and the other is based on FIR filter bank. Considering the merits and demerits of the two methods, this paper proposes a method of moving target detection based on FFT and FIR, which can satisfy the technical requirements of moving target detection on the basis of limited hardware consumption. This is also the goal of this paper. Based on the basic theory of DSP, this paper first studies the meaning of fast Fourier algorithm (FFT) and the basic principle of extracting base 2FFT in time-domain. Then, three kinds of realization structures of in situ computation and fixed structure operation flow graph are analyzed. Finally, the RTL design of 84096 point variable point FFT is determined by using ping-pong operation mode. The variable point FFT designed in this paper adopts double disk operation unit structure, two stage butterfly operation continuous processing, data buffer and data storage itself is ping-pong storage, which greatly reduces the hardware consumption. Based on the basic theory of radar signal processing, this paper first studies the basic theory of moving target detection, including Doppler frequency, fast time and slow time dimension sampling, pulse Doppler processing, etc. Then the RTL design of configurable MTD circuit is completed by combining FFT and FIR. In this paper, a configurable memory multiplexed MTD circuit is proposed, which reduces the contradiction between detection ability and cost and the singularity of detection mode, and improves the anti-jamming ability and application range of radar signal processor. The corresponding algorithm model is established by MATLAB software, and the processing results of MATLAB and hardware circuits are compared, so that the function verification of FFT and MTD circuits can be completed. The results show that the function of variable point FFT is correct, the relative error is less than 10 ~ (-4), the detection function of moving target based on FFT and FIR is correct, and the measurement error of radial velocity is less than 0.6 m / s. Performance analysis shows that the maximum operating frequency of the variable point FFT is 182.993 MHz;. The maximum operating frequency of the whole circuit is 204.300 MHz.. Finally, the logic synthesis of variable point FFT is completed under the condition of SMIC 0.13 um process, and its maximum working frequency is 250 MHz..
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN957.51
[Abstract]:As an important part of radar system, radar signal processor determines the processing mode and detection result of radar signal, and the improvement of its performance greatly promotes the development of radar system. With the rapid development of digital signal processing technology (DSP) and VLSI technology (VLSI), the generation and processing of radar signal is developing rapidly in the direction of digitization, which promotes the development of radar signal processing towards systematization and miniaturization. The direction of high-speed development. Moving target detection (MTD) is an important technique in radar signal processing. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) of echo signal is improved by coherent processing of multiple echo pulses in coherent processing interval. Therefore, the ability of radar to detect targets in complex background can be improved. There are two commonly used methods for radar detection, one is based on FFT and the other is based on FIR filter bank. Considering the merits and demerits of the two methods, this paper proposes a method of moving target detection based on FFT and FIR, which can satisfy the technical requirements of moving target detection on the basis of limited hardware consumption. This is also the goal of this paper. Based on the basic theory of DSP, this paper first studies the meaning of fast Fourier algorithm (FFT) and the basic principle of extracting base 2FFT in time-domain. Then, three kinds of realization structures of in situ computation and fixed structure operation flow graph are analyzed. Finally, the RTL design of 84096 point variable point FFT is determined by using ping-pong operation mode. The variable point FFT designed in this paper adopts double disk operation unit structure, two stage butterfly operation continuous processing, data buffer and data storage itself is ping-pong storage, which greatly reduces the hardware consumption. Based on the basic theory of radar signal processing, this paper first studies the basic theory of moving target detection, including Doppler frequency, fast time and slow time dimension sampling, pulse Doppler processing, etc. Then the RTL design of configurable MTD circuit is completed by combining FFT and FIR. In this paper, a configurable memory multiplexed MTD circuit is proposed, which reduces the contradiction between detection ability and cost and the singularity of detection mode, and improves the anti-jamming ability and application range of radar signal processor. The corresponding algorithm model is established by MATLAB software, and the processing results of MATLAB and hardware circuits are compared, so that the function verification of FFT and MTD circuits can be completed. The results show that the function of variable point FFT is correct, the relative error is less than 10 ~ (-4), the detection function of moving target based on FFT and FIR is correct, and the measurement error of radial velocity is less than 0.6 m / s. Performance analysis shows that the maximum operating frequency of the variable point FFT is 182.993 MHz;. The maximum operating frequency of the whole circuit is 204.300 MHz.. Finally, the logic synthesis of variable point FFT is completed under the condition of SMIC 0.13 um process, and its maximum working frequency is 250 MHz..
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN957.51
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