运动目标分布式雷达成像技术研究
发布时间：2018-09-07 19:34
【摘要】：本文以非合作运动目标的分布式雷达成像为对象,以空间谱理论为基础,通过综合考虑分布式系统的空间展开特性、发射信号带宽、目标相对运动对成像的作用及其相互关系,重点开展了以双基地逆合成孔径雷达(Bistatic Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar, B-ISAR)为基本系统形式的运动目标分布式雷达成像技术研究,主要工作如下： 首先,针对分布式雷达成像的基本单元——B-ISAR的特殊几何构型,提出了基于运动分解的回波建模方法,所建立的回波模型能够解析的表达B-ISAR成像结果的几何畸变、二维定标因子与系统构型及目标运动之间的关系,从而将成像的畸变校正和定标问题转化成了参数估计问题。在此基础上推导出了一般条件下目标在三维空间中运动时B-ISAR的成像平面,并分析了距离-多普勒(Range-Doppler, RD)成像结果的几何畸变与定标特征,为后续章节的研究打下了基础。 其次,利用目标散射的稀疏先验信息,研究了压缩感知在运动目标分布式成像中的应用,主要是两个方面：1)针对B-ISAR的RD成像存在几何畸变及二维无法直接定标的问题,提出了一种联合几何畸变校正及定标的B-ISAR稀疏成像算法；2)提出了一种基于T/R-R (transmitter/receiver-receiver)构型的运动目标稀疏融合成像方法,以简单的系统构型在短的相干处理时间内实现了运动目标的高分辨率稀疏成像。 第三,针对一般运动目标的高分辨率成像问题,提出了一种新的分布式成像构型——多输入单输出ISAR (Multiple Input Single Output ISAR, MISO-ISAR),在获得高分辨率的同时尽可能的简化了系统复杂度、提高了系统的抗干扰能力、机动能力及生存能力,体现了高性能和可实用性的良好折中。 最后,在MISO-ISAR的基础上,提出了基于运动接收机的三维成像方法,该方法利用一维的发射机阵列和运动的接收机,即可实现运动目标的三维成像,系统结构简单实用性较强。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the distributed radar imaging of non-cooperative moving targets is taken as the object. Based on the spatial spectrum theory, the spatial expansion characteristics of the distributed system, the bandwidth of the transmitted signal, the effect of the relative motion of the target on the imaging and their mutual relations are considered synthetically. The research of distributed radar imaging technology with bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar (Bistatic Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar, B-ISAR) as the basic system is emphasized. The main work is as follows: first of all, Aiming at the special geometric configuration of B-ISAR, the basic unit of distributed radar imaging, an echo modeling method based on motion decomposition is proposed. The echo model can represent the geometric distortion of B-ISAR imaging results analytically. The relation between the two-dimensional calibration factor and the system configuration and the target motion, so the distortion correction and calibration problem of the imaging is transformed into the parameter estimation problem. On this basis, the imaging plane of B-ISAR is derived under general conditions, and the geometric distortion and calibration characteristics of range Doppler (Range-Doppler, RD) imaging results are analyzed, which lays a foundation for the study of the following chapters. Secondly, using the sparse prior information of target scattering, the application of compression sensing in distributed imaging of moving target is studied. There are two aspects: 1) the problem of geometric distortion in RD imaging of B-ISAR and the problem that two-dimensional image can not be directly calibrated. A B-ISAR sparse imaging algorithm combining geometric distortion correction and calibration is proposed. A sparse fusion imaging method for moving objects based on T/R-R (transmitter/receiver-receiver) configuration is proposed. The high resolution sparse imaging of moving targets is realized in a short coherent processing time with a simple system configuration. Thirdly, a new distributed imaging configuration, multiple input single output (ISAR (Multiple Input Single Output ISAR, MISO-ISAR), is proposed to solve the problem of high resolution imaging of moving targets, which simplifies the system complexity as much as possible while obtaining high resolution. It improves the anti-jamming ability, maneuverability and survivability of the system, and embodies a good compromise between high performance and practicability. Finally, on the basis of MISO-ISAR, a 3D imaging method based on motion receiver is proposed. This method uses one-dimensional transmitter array and moving receiver to realize 3D imaging of moving object. The system structure is simple and practical.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN957.52
本文编号：2229213
[Abstract]:In this paper, the distributed radar imaging of non-cooperative moving targets is taken as the object. Based on the spatial spectrum theory, the spatial expansion characteristics of the distributed system, the bandwidth of the transmitted signal, the effect of the relative motion of the target on the imaging and their mutual relations are considered synthetically. The research of distributed radar imaging technology with bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar (Bistatic Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar, B-ISAR) as the basic system is emphasized. The main work is as follows: first of all, Aiming at the special geometric configuration of B-ISAR, the basic unit of distributed radar imaging, an echo modeling method based on motion decomposition is proposed. The echo model can represent the geometric distortion of B-ISAR imaging results analytically. The relation between the two-dimensional calibration factor and the system configuration and the target motion, so the distortion correction and calibration problem of the imaging is transformed into the parameter estimation problem. On this basis, the imaging plane of B-ISAR is derived under general conditions, and the geometric distortion and calibration characteristics of range Doppler (Range-Doppler, RD) imaging results are analyzed, which lays a foundation for the study of the following chapters. Secondly, using the sparse prior information of target scattering, the application of compression sensing in distributed imaging of moving target is studied. There are two aspects: 1) the problem of geometric distortion in RD imaging of B-ISAR and the problem that two-dimensional image can not be directly calibrated. A B-ISAR sparse imaging algorithm combining geometric distortion correction and calibration is proposed. A sparse fusion imaging method for moving objects based on T/R-R (transmitter/receiver-receiver) configuration is proposed. The high resolution sparse imaging of moving targets is realized in a short coherent processing time with a simple system configuration. Thirdly, a new distributed imaging configuration, multiple input single output (ISAR (Multiple Input Single Output ISAR, MISO-ISAR), is proposed to solve the problem of high resolution imaging of moving targets, which simplifies the system complexity as much as possible while obtaining high resolution. It improves the anti-jamming ability, maneuverability and survivability of the system, and embodies a good compromise between high performance and practicability. Finally, on the basis of MISO-ISAR, a 3D imaging method based on motion receiver is proposed. This method uses one-dimensional transmitter array and moving receiver to realize 3D imaging of moving object. The system structure is simple and practical.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN957.52
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