基于UWB基站配置的室内定位研究

发布时间：2018-11-08 16:45

【摘要】：随着人们对位置感知需求的增加,室内定位已经逐渐成为科研人员和商业领域所研究的课题。现如今,室外定位的技术已经相当成熟。GPS在室外的定位可以达到很高的精确度,已经基本满足了人们在室外进行位置感知的各类需求。因此,借鉴了室外定位如今成熟的技术和巨大的价值,室内定位实现的可能性和潜在的价值已经逐渐被人们所重视。由于GPS技术无法完全搬移到室内空间中,一套成熟的室内定位技术已经成为人们研究的一大热点。高精度的室内定位甚至是室内外定位上的无缝衔接是研究者们所正在追求的目标。在无线通信日益迅猛发展的今天,各种无线定位的方法正在被试验在室内定位中。超宽带作为无线通信领域的后起之秀,近些年来已经在很多国家发展的较为成熟,而我国的超宽带的研究略有落后。超宽带时间分辨率高、抗干扰能力强以及穿透能力强等特点使其在室内这种相对复杂的环境中进行定位具有很大的发展前景。超宽带利用持续时间为纳秒甚至亚纳秒级的脉冲信号进行传输,在测距工作中的精确度很高,很多文献都有利用超宽带测距精度在厘米级的实验结果。本论文采用超宽带来进行室内定位,主要研究室内环境下基站配置对定位精度的影响。本文所进行的工作主要是在CST软件环境下进行仿真的。对于超宽带范围内6-10GHz进行仿真,选用4种类型的基站配置,分别为8基站、立方体4基站、Y型4基站和L型3基站配置。具体的定位方法应用基于TOA估计的方法,该方法可以充分发挥超宽带信号的时间分辨率高的特点。而在具体的TOA估计中,本文具体采用了两种方法,即基于发射与接收信号波形的方法和CIR峰值检测法。通过两种方法均得到了较为理想的结果,定位精度在1-4厘米,最后使用了GDOP对所采取配置的合理性进行检验。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for location perception, indoor positioning has gradually become a research topic in scientific research and commercial field. Nowadays, the technology of outdoor positioning has been quite mature. GPS can achieve high accuracy in outdoor positioning, which has basically met the needs of people in outdoor location awareness. Therefore, the possibility and potential value of indoor positioning have been paid more and more attention to, drawing lessons from the mature technology and great value of outdoor positioning. As GPS technology can not be completely moved into indoor space, a set of mature indoor positioning technology has become a major research hotspot. High precision indoor positioning and even the seamless connection of indoor and outdoor positioning is the goal that researchers are pursuing. With the rapid development of wireless communication, various wireless positioning methods are being tested in indoor positioning. Ultra-wideband (UWB), as a rising star in wireless communication field, has been developed in many countries in recent years, but the research of UWB in China is a little backward. Because of its high time resolution, strong anti-jamming ability and strong penetration ability, UWB has a great development prospect in the relatively complex indoor environment. UWB uses pulse signal of nanosecond or even sub-nanosecond to transmit, and the precision in ranging work is very high. Many literatures have experimental results of using UWB ranging accuracy in centimeter level. In this paper, UWB is used for indoor positioning, and the effect of base station configuration on location accuracy is studied. The work done in this paper is mainly simulated in the environment of CST software. For the simulation of 6-10GHz in UWB, four types of base station configurations are selected: 8 base station, 4 cube base station, Y type 4 base station and L type 3 base station configuration. The location method is based on TOA estimation, which can give full play to the high time resolution of UWB signal. In the specific TOA estimation, two methods are used in this paper, namely, the method based on transmitting and receiving signal waveform and the CIR peak detection method. The results of both methods are satisfactory, and the positioning accuracy is 1-4 cm. Finally, GDOP is used to test the rationality of the proposed configuration.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN925

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