基于博弈论能耗均衡的WSN分层路由算法研究

发布时间：2018-11-19 20:56

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN)是由大量分布在检测区域的传感器节点,通过自治组织方式构成的网络。因具有自组织性和低能耗性,而备受人们关注并被评为了21世纪最具有影响力的十大技术之一。在无线传感器网络中,路由技术是现今研究热点的技术之一。如何设计出能量高效利用、可靠性高、安全的路由算法成为了设计传感器路由的追求目标。在分层路由中,WSN被划分为多个簇,靠近汇聚节点的簇头要消耗更多的能量来转发其它簇的数据,节点之间的能量消耗不均会造成“能量空洞”现象,影响网络性能。针对这个问题,本文提出了一种基于博弈论能耗均衡的非均匀分簇路由算法(Game Theory based energy balance unequal clustering routing,GBUC)。在该路由协议中,节点之间通过基于时间机制进行竞争来产生簇头,可以避免能量剩余较少的节点当选为簇头,每个簇头根据自己离基站的距离来决定自己的通信半径,分簇阶段结束,WSN被划分成大小不同的簇结构,簇越靠近汇聚节点,半径划分得越小,通过控制簇内通信的能耗来达到均衡簇头的能耗;为了分担簇头的能量消耗,在簇与簇的重叠处选择出能量较高的节点为中继节点,中继节点的选择既可以减少簇头的能量消耗,而且有效地绕过WSN中的“能量空洞”。在簇间通信过程中,我们构建一个路由博弈模型,效益函数和通信距离、链路的可靠度和通信节点的剩余能量相关联,每个理性节点都选择收益最高的邻居节点(包括中继节点)作为下一跳路由,当达到纳什均衡时,节点们的策略集合就是我们所求的联合能耗均衡、可靠度的最优路径。通过实验对比,本文提出的GBUC算法在节点能耗均衡、数据传输可靠性方面都有所提升。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN) is composed of a large number of sensor nodes distributed in the detection area. Because of its self-organization and low energy consumption, people pay close attention to it and have been rated as one of the ten most influential technologies in the 21 ~ (st) century. Routing technology is one of the hottest technologies in wireless sensor networks. How to design an efficient, reliable and secure routing algorithm has become the goal of sensor routing design. In hierarchical routing, WSN is divided into multiple clusters. Cluster heads near convergent nodes consume more energy to transmit data from other clusters. The uneven energy consumption between nodes will result in "energy hole" phenomenon, which will affect network performance. To solve this problem, a non-uniform clustering routing algorithm (Game Theory based energy balance unequal clustering routing,GBUC) based on game theory energy balance is proposed in this paper. In the routing protocol, the nodes compete based on time mechanism to generate cluster heads, which can avoid the nodes with less energy remaining as cluster heads. Each cluster head determines its own communication radius according to its distance from the base station. At the end of the clustering phase, WSN is divided into clusters of different sizes. The closer the cluster is to the convergent node, the smaller the radius is, and the energy consumption of cluster head is equalized by controlling the energy consumption of intra-cluster communication. In order to share the energy consumption of cluster head, the node with high energy is selected as relay node at the overlap of cluster and cluster. The selection of relay node can not only reduce the energy consumption of cluster head, but also effectively bypass the "energy hole" in WSN. In the process of inter-cluster communication, we construct a routing game model, in which the benefit function and the communication distance, the reliability of the link and the residual energy of the communication node are correlated. Each rational node chooses the neighbor node with the highest profit (including relay node) as the next hop route. When Nash equilibrium is reached, the strategy set of nodes is the optimal path of joint energy balance and reliability. Through experimental comparison, the proposed GBUC algorithm is improved in the aspects of node energy balance and data transmission reliability.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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