半自动的室内定位与导航

发布时间：2018-12-09 12:07

【摘要】：为了适应不断增长的人口密度以及高速现代化的进程,现代的新型建筑不仅多功能化而且内部结构相当复杂。在这样内部环境比较复杂的大型建筑中活动时,人们往往需要花费较长的时间来定位自己的位置和寻找目标位置。尽管利用GPS进行实时地室外导航的卫星定位系统已经得到了广泛的应用,但是由于受到卫星信号无法穿透建筑物等因素的限制,同样的导航方法并不能被直接迁移到室内环境的导航应用中。因此近年来,专家学者研究了许多室内定位与导航的技术与解决方案,但是目前可行的室内定位技术还存在物力成本高或者定位范围有限等难题。为了方便人们在大型建筑中快捷地找到自己的目的地,本文提出了一个可行的适合于室内定位与导航的代替方法。该方法是基于移动设备例如内置加速度计的智能手机来实现的。应用该导航方法主要包括以下几个步骤：1、构建表示建筑物内部结构与布局的三维结点弧段网络模型作为定位与导航的空间参考,该网络包含点要素以及线要素的空间位置信息、属性信息以及各点线要素之间的拓扑关系；2、基于最短路径算法由用户输入当前位置作为导航的起始位置,输入目标位置作为导航的终止位置并输入路径限制条件以调整路径上的阻抗值,从而得到初始的最短路径；3、当用户根据导航信息行进时,基于计步器原理计算用户的位移,并根据该位移和路段的初始位置的坐标来计算用户的当前位置并实时显示在路线图上。通过以上步骤,该方法实现了在室内环境中实时地跟踪用户的位置并将导航信息适时地提供给用户。为了验证本文所提出这个半自动的室内定位与导航方法的可行性与有效性,本文设计并实现了一个用于室内导航的Android手机应用程序。以学院主楼数据为例,构建该主楼的三维网络模型,并结合二维码编码技术和识别技术来存储和获取自定义的定位点信息,然后应用上述方法,在建筑物内部实现从当前位置到目标位置的导航。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法简单可行,并且导航路径准确,导航信息容易被理解。
[Abstract]:In order to adapt to the increasing population density and the process of high speed modernization, the modern architecture is not only multifunctional, but also has complex internal structure. When people move in large buildings with complex interior environment, it takes a long time to locate their own position and find the target position. Although the satellite positioning system using GPS for real time outdoor navigation has been widely used, it is restricted by the fact that the satellite signal can not penetrate the buildings. The same navigation method can not be directly migrated to indoor environment navigation applications. Therefore, in recent years, experts and scholars have studied many indoor positioning and navigation technology and solutions, but the current feasible indoor positioning technology still has high material cost or limited positioning scope. In order to facilitate people to find their destination quickly in large buildings, this paper presents a feasible alternative method for indoor positioning and navigation. The method is based on mobile devices such as smart phones with built-in accelerometers. The application of this navigation method mainly includes the following steps: 1. A three-dimensional nodal arc network model representing the internal structure and layout of a building is constructed as a spatial reference for location and navigation. The network includes the spatial position information of the point element and the line element, the attribute information and the topological relation between the points and line elements. 2. Based on the shortest path algorithm, the user input the current position as the starting position of navigation, the target position as the terminal position of navigation and the path restriction condition to adjust the impedance value of the path, so as to obtain the initial shortest path; 3. When the user travels according to the navigation information, the displacement of the user is calculated based on the principle of the pedometer, and the current position of the user is calculated according to the coordinates of the displacement and the initial position of the section and displayed on the road map in real time. Through the above steps, the method realizes the real-time tracking of the user's position in the indoor environment and provides the navigation information to the user in good time. In order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this semi-automatic indoor positioning and navigation method, a Android mobile phone application for indoor navigation is designed and implemented in this paper. Taking the data of the main building of the college as an example, the three-dimensional network model of the main building is constructed, and the information of the self-defined positioning point is stored and obtained by combining the two-dimensional code coding technology and the recognition technology, and then the above methods are applied. Navigation from the current position to the target position is implemented inside the building. The experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and feasible, and the navigation path is accurate and the navigation information is easy to understand.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN929.53

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