激光雷达动态目标跟踪系统光学设计

发布时间：2018-12-25 08:40

【摘要】：激光雷达是以激光为辐射源并作为载频,具有波长短,光束质量高,定向性强的优点,其频率比微波雷达高三到五个数量级。由于激光具有良好的方向性、单色性和相干性,故激光雷达相较与微波雷达具有极高的角分辨能力、距离和速度分辨率,而且激光雷达的抗干扰能力强、体积小、质量轻,作为成像雷达它可以获得多目标的多种图像。此外,激光雷达具有分辨率高,抗干扰能力强,可三维成像等特点激光雷达具有分辨率高,抗干扰能力强,可三维成像等特点,在民用及军事技术装备中已经得到了广泛的应用,并且它对工业高新技术、现代农业、社会发展也会产生重要且深远的影响。本论文就激光雷达的电子罗盘、激光测距仪、观测望远镜和转台等重要组件进行了选择和简介。应用MATLAB对不同激光波长、天顶角、初始光束直径和光学系统口径的大小对由于大气中受到大气衰减和大气湍流效应的影响而造成的光束扩展、光束便宜和光强闪烁进行数学建模,并进行理论分析得出补偿的方式。研究了自适应光学系统的组成部分,以及波前传感器的种类和波前曲率算法,波前控制器的主要原理,波前校正器的组成和校正方式。论文最后主要对激光雷达的望远镜的接收系统进行研究,本着满足系统要求的前提下,结构简单、成本低的原则,设计出卡塞格林是反射望远镜光学接收系统。
[Abstract]:Lidar is a kind of radar with laser as emitter and carrier frequency, which has the advantages of short wavelength, high beam quality and strong directivity. Its frequency is three to five orders of magnitude higher than that of microwave radar. Because of the good directivity, monochromatic and coherence of the laser, the lidar has higher angular resolution, range and velocity resolution than the microwave radar, and the lidar has strong anti-jamming ability, small volume and light mass. As an imaging radar, it can obtain multiple images of multiple targets. In addition, the lidar has the characteristics of high resolution, strong anti-jamming ability, 3D imaging and so on. The lidar has the characteristics of high resolution, strong anti-jamming ability, three-dimensional imaging and so on. It has been widely used in civil and military technical equipment, and it will have an important and far-reaching impact on industrial high technology, modern agriculture and social development. In this paper, the electronic compass, laser rangefinder, observation telescope and turntable of lidar are selected and introduced. Applying MATLAB to different laser wavelengths, zenith angles, initial beam diameters and the aperture of optical systems, the beam propagation caused by atmospheric attenuation and atmospheric turbulence effect is affected. The mathematical model of light beam cheap and intensity scintillation is established, and the compensation method is obtained by theoretical analysis. The components of adaptive optical system, the types of wavefront sensors, the algorithm of wavefront curvature, the principle of wavefront controller, the composition of wavefront corrector and the correction method are studied. In the end of this paper, the receiving system of lidar telescope is mainly studied. Based on the principle of simple structure and low cost, Casegren is designed as an optical receiving system of reflecting telescope under the premise of satisfying the requirements of the system.
【学位授予单位】：长春理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN958.98

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