人体通信在多节点生理信号采集传输系统中的应用研究

发布时间：2019-01-07 11:49

【摘要】：随着穿戴式/植入式医用设备信息服务逐步实用,无线体域网(Wireless Body Area Network WBAN)技术被广泛运用于人体近端医学传感器间信息交互。WBAN通过附着在人体近端的智能传感器节点持续采集人体重要的生理信号,如血糖值、血压和心电信号等,并进行实时监测。低功耗、低辐射和高传输效率等成为体域网传输介质的重要指标。然而,包括蓝牙、Zigbee等在内的无线射频通信技术不仅系统功耗高,而且还存在电磁干扰、网络安全性等问题,使之不能成为无线体域网应用的最佳选择。电流耦合型人体通信(Intra-Body Communication IBC)以人体作为信道,实现人体近端设备间信息的共享。由于其实现过程频率极低且不受周围环境影响,克服了上述无线射频通信技术的缺陷,在无线体域网的中有着广泛的应用前景。本文为研究电流耦合型人体通信在体域网中的应用提供一种可行方案：分析多节点生理信号采集传输系统的通信业务需求与特性,研究人体信道传输特性,设计收发装置硬件特性,以现有的MAC协议为导向,在体域网中构建多节点生理信号采集传输系统,并在特定的应用场景下分析其性能。具体从以下几个方面展开研究：首先,分析无线体域网的网络特点及应用场合、网络拓扑结构、物理层和MAC协议标准以及IEEE802.15.6的工作模式,为多节点系统的研究提供一个理论基础。其次,开展10k～500kHz频率范围内人体前臂实验并获得其信道衰减特性及相应均衡措施,构建人体通信系统仿真模型,分析不同调制方式下均衡前后人体信道模型误码率和星座图并获得适合人体通信的调制方式。再次,结合人体信道仿真模型,根据均衡器模型特性,改进人体通信收发装置并以此设计系统节点。节点基本功能包括：数据的发送、生理信号的采集存储及显示。为了解决工频干扰以及共地的问题,电路均采用干电池供电。最后,构建多节点生理信号采集传输系统,结合上述人体信道特性参数以及系统节点硬件指标研究在特定的场景下系统的MAC协议性能。综上所述,本文对于电流耦合型人体通信信道特性、相应均衡措施以及节点装置的硬件参数的研究为多节点系统调制方式及通信频段的选择提供了依据。低功耗、低辐射和高安全的角度体现了电流耦合型人体通信的显著优势,为推动人体通信技术在多节点生理信号采集传输系统的理论研究和技术应用提供了有益探索和尝试。
[Abstract]:As wearable / implantable medical equipment information services become more and more practical, Wireless body-area network (Wireless Body Area Network WBAN) technology is widely used in information exchange between medical sensors at the proximal end of human body. WBAN continuously collects important physiological signals of human body, such as blood glucose, through intelligent sensor nodes attached to the proximal end of human body. Blood pressure and ECG were monitored in real time. Low power consumption, low radiation and high transmission efficiency have become important indicators of bulk area network transmission media. However, wireless radio frequency communication technology, including Bluetooth and Zigbee, not only has high power consumption, but also has the problems of electromagnetic interference and network security, which makes it not the best choice for wireless body area network applications. Current-coupled human communication (Intra-Body Communication IBC) uses human body as channel to share information between human proximal devices. Because the process frequency is very low and it is not affected by the surrounding environment, it overcomes the shortcomings of the wireless radio frequency communication technology, and has a wide application prospect in wireless body area network. This paper provides a feasible scheme for studying the application of current-coupled human communication in body-area network: analyzing the communication requirements and characteristics of multi-node physiological signal acquisition and transmission system, and studying the transmission characteristics of human body channel. The hardware characteristics of the transceiver are designed. Based on the existing MAC protocol, a multi-node physiological signal acquisition and transmission system is constructed in the body area network, and its performance is analyzed in a specific application scenario. Firstly, the characteristics and applications of wireless body area network, network topology, physical layer and MAC protocol standard, and the working mode of IEEE802.15.6 are analyzed. It provides a theoretical basis for the research of multi-node system. Secondly, the human forearm experiment is carried out in the range of 10k~500kHz frequency, and the channel attenuation characteristics and corresponding equalization measures are obtained, and the simulation model of human communication system is constructed. The error rate and constellation of human channel model before and after equalization under different modulation modes are analyzed and the modulation mode suitable for human communication is obtained. Thirdly, according to the characteristics of the equalizer model, the human communication transceiver is improved and the system nodes are designed based on the human channel simulation model. The basic functions of the node include: the transmission of data, the collection, storage and display of physiological signals. In order to solve the problem of power frequency interference and common ground, the circuit is supplied by dry battery. Finally, a multi-node physiological signal acquisition and transmission system is constructed, and the performance of the MAC protocol in a specific scenario is studied by combining the parameters of the human body channel and the hardware index of the system node. To sum up, the research on the characteristics of current-coupled human communication channel, the corresponding equalization measures and the hardware parameters of the node device provides the basis for the choice of modulation mode and communication frequency band of multi-node system. Low power consumption, low radiation and high security reflect the significant advantages of current-coupled human communication, and provide a useful exploration and attempt for the theoretical research and technical application of human body communication technology in multi-node physiological signal acquisition and transmission system.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN92

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