星地量子通信高精度ATP系统研究

发布时间：2019-02-08 19:40

【摘要】：量子通信是近年来通信领域的热门课题，由于其基于量子力学的基本理论而具有绝对的保密性，因而使得该技术拥有经典通信无法比拟的优势。现有的量子通信系统多采用光纤作为传输信道，但因光纤的固定衰减特性，通信距离受到限制。而自由空间尤其是基于卫星平台的星地量子通信摆脱了光纤的束缚，成为了构建全球量子通信网络的最佳选择，已是各国科技竞争的核心领域。在星地量子通信中，星地通信终端之间存在相对运动和链路扰动，且卫星平台也处于振动之中，所以为建立并稳定量子通信链路，必须要有一个高精度捕获、跟踪、瞄准系统（简称跟瞄系统或ATP系统）。本论文基于中国科学院某知识创新工程重大项目的支持，深入研究了星地量子通信ATP系统的跟踪和瞄准技术。论文工作包括：从理论上分析了星地量子通信ATP系统的原理及需求，对高精度的ATP系统进行了设计，建立了一套ATP系统的模拟演示平台，并使用该平台对设计原理进行了验证；对星地量子通信ATP系统目标探测与信息处理技术进行了深入研究，成功研制了高帧频高精度的星载探测相机，并对提高相机定位精度的技术开展了研究；对星地量子通信ATP系统的瞄准精度进行了研究，设计了ATP系统的检测系统，通过该系统可对所研制的ATP系统性能进行精确检测，同时提出并验证了可用于提高星载ATP系统瞄准精度的设计。论文的主要创新点有 1）分析了星地量子通信ATP系统的需求、工作方式与性能指标，研究了通信链路效率的计算方法，得到了量子光发散角与系统跟瞄精度间的设计关系，并对星载ATP系统进行了具体设计。建立了跟瞄系统的模拟演示平台，验证了高精度ATP系统的设计原理。 2）根据星地量子通信ATP系统对目标信标光定位的需求，，提出了具体的星载ATP信标探测与处理系统设计方案。基于面阵CMOS探测器（STAR1000）和FPGA，设计实现了可用于星地量子通信ATP系统的高帧频、高精度、低噪声目标探测相机，帧频速度大于2KHz，定位精度优于1rad，综合噪声电子数约100e-。 3）为提高ATP系统的跟踪精度，从相机定位精度的角度出发进行了深入研究。设计了检测此类目标探测系统定位精度的有效方法。深入分析了影响探测相机定位精度的因素，依据理论仿真及实验验证的结果，并针对星地量子通信ATP系统的特点，提出了提高相机定位精度的设计思路。 4）提出了多项改善相机在轨性能的实时技术：基于梯度检测的原理成功实现了星载相机的实时坏点校正；采用实时非均匀性校正方法并结合改进的目标定位算法，有效增强了星载相机对微弱目标的探测能力；通过对自适应曝光技术的研究和设计，使星载相机有效抑制了由通信链路扰动引起的干扰。 5）从理论上分析了瞄准误差对量子通信系统带来的影响，设计了自身分辨率优于0.1rad的高精度检测系统。通过该系统可对星载量子通信ATP系统进行精确检测和校正，使整机系统获得了优于3rad的高精度跟瞄性能。通过外场和室内实验，充分验证了星载ATP系统的关键技术。本课题的研究工作完成了星地量子通信中高精度跟瞄系统实现的关键技术攻关，为星地量子通信ATP系统的研制提供了坚实的技术基础。
[Abstract]:Quantum communication is a hot topic in the field of communication in recent years. Because of its absolute secrecy based on the basic theory of quantum mechanics, the technology has the advantages of classical communication. In the conventional quantum communication system, the optical fiber is used as a transmission channel, but due to the fixed attenuation characteristic of the optical fiber, the communication distance is limited. The free space, especially the satellite-platform-based star-ground quantum communication, is the best choice for the construction of the global quantum communication network, and has become the core area of national science and technology competition. in that star-ground quantum communication, there are relative motion and link disturbance among the satellite communication terminals, and the satellite platform is also in the vibration, so to establish and stabilize the quantum communication link, it is necessary to have a high-precision capture, tracking and aiming system (the NLOS system or the ATP system). Based on the support of the major project of a knowledge innovation project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this paper deeply studies the tracking and aiming technique of the star-ground quantum communication ATP system. In this paper, the principle and requirement of the star-ground quantum communication ATP system are analyzed theoretically, the high-precision ATP system is designed, a set of simulation demonstration platform of the ATP system is established, and the design principle is verified by using the platform. In this paper, the target detection and information processing technology of the star-ground quantum communication (ATP) system is deeply researched, the high-frame-rate high-precision star-carrier detection camera is successfully developed, and the technology of improving the positioning accuracy of the camera is researched, and the aiming accuracy of the star-ground quantum communication ATP system is researched. In this paper, the detection system of ATP system is designed, and the system can be used to accurately detect the performance of the ATP system. A. The main part of the paper In this paper, the requirement, working mode and performance index of the star-ground quantum communication ATP system are analyzed, and the calculation method of the efficiency of the communication link is studied, and the divergence angle of the quantum light and the accuracy of the system and the scanning accuracy are obtained. The design relationship of the star-borne ATP system The specific design is given. The simulation demonstration platform of the tracking system is established, and the high-precision ATP system is verified. according to the requirement of the star-ground quantum communication ATP system to locate the target beacon light, the specific star-mounted ATP beacon detection and location is put forward. Based on the surface array CMOS detector (STAR1000) and the FPGA, a high frame rate, high precision, low noise target detection camera, which can be used for the satellite-ground quantum communication (ATP) system, is designed and realized, the frame rate speed is more than 2KHz, the positioning accuracy is better than 1rad, and the comprehensive noise electron The number is about 100e-. 3) to improve the tracking precision of the ATP system and the angle of the positioning accuracy of the camera An in-depth study has been carried out. The detection of such a target detection system is designed In this paper, the factors that affect the positioning accuracy of the camera are analyzed. The factors that affect the positioning accuracy of the detection camera are analyzed. The results of the theoretical simulation and the experimental verification are analyzed, and the characteristics of the star-ground quantum communication ATP system are analyzed, and the improvement of the camera is put forward. A number of real-time techniques for improving the performance of the camera are presented in this paper. The real-time bad-point correction of the star-borne camera is successfully realized based on the principle of gradient detection, and the real-time non-uniformity correction method is adopted. In combination with the improved target location algorithm, the detection capability of the satellite-borne camera to the weak target is effectively enhanced, and the star-carrier camera is effectively suppressed by the research and the design of the adaptive exposure technology. The influence of the aiming error on the quantum communication system is analyzed theoretically, and the self-resolution is better than 0. and the system can accurately detect and correct the star-borne quantum communication ATP system, so that the complete machine system has the advantages that the system can accurately detect and correct the star-borne quantum communication ATP system, High-precision tracking performance at 3rad. Full validation by field and in-room experiments The key technology of the star-loaded ATP system is the key technology of the high-precision scanning system in the star-ground quantum communication.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院（上海技术物理研究所）
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：O413.1;TN918

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