基于移动Sink的WSNs路由协议研究

发布时间：2019-02-12 15:01

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks, WSNs)能将客观上的物理世界和逻辑上的信息世界联系起来,感知节点周围环境,采集和处理相关数据,具有十分广阔的应用前景。但传感器节点能量有限且无法充电,使得能耗成为无线传感器网络应用的关键因素,如何有效节约能量、均衡传感器网络的能量消耗成为无线传感器网络的研究热点。移动无线传感器网络衍生于无线传感器网络,通过引入移动Sink节点,综合网络能量消耗的情况,利用Sink节点移动的灵活性制定Sink节点的移动策略,动态的收集数据,均衡利用系统能量,使得无线传感器网络的性能和能耗得到优化。它具有高效收集数据、均衡网络消耗、延长网络寿命等优点。主要工作如下：(1)本文在研究了无线传感器网络基础架构和移动无线传感器网络相关特点的基础上,分析了移动无线传感器网络中能量和Sink节点的移动对网络性能的影响,并确定从节点能量消耗和Sink节点的移动2方面对网络性能进行优化。(2)设计了基于能量区域的移动Sink路由算法。算法使用剩余能量扫描将系统划分为若干个能量相近的区域,再在每个能量区域内构建路由信息,根据已构建的路由信息选择代理节点作为该能量区域内信息存储和与移动Sink节点通信的节点,移动Sink节点根据代理节点的分布制定Sink节点最小移动路径策略。(3)设计了基于移动Sink的能量有效路由树算法。算法先构建路由树,然后使用“根节点足迹链”来维护局部路由信息,减少Sink节点移动带来的路由重构频率,当Sink节点移动偏离原先位置过远时,通过全局路由树重建算法触发路由树重构,有效的避免因足迹链的不断扩展带来的路由曲线,及时的对全网路由树更新,使得路由始终处于最佳状态。本文通过NS2仿真软件对路由算法进行仿真,相比传统相关协议,基于能量区域的移动Sink路由算法能够使网络生存周期延长30%到40%；基于移动Sink的能量有效路由树算法能使网络生存期延长25%到30%。故这两个协议对网络能耗的均衡以及生命周期的延长均有一定的优化作用。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (WSN) (Wireless Sensor Networks, WSNs) can connect the objective physical world with the logical information world, perceive the surrounding environment of nodes, collect and process related data, and have a very broad application prospect. However, the energy of sensor nodes is limited and can not be charged, which makes energy consumption become a key factor in wireless sensor network applications. How to effectively save energy and balance the energy consumption of sensor networks has become a hot research topic in wireless sensor networks. Mobile wireless sensor network is derived from wireless sensor network. By introducing mobile Sink node and synthesizing the situation of network energy consumption, the mobile strategy of Sink node is formulated by using the flexibility of moving Sink node, and the data is collected dynamically. The performance and energy consumption of wireless sensor networks are optimized by using the system energy equably. It has the advantages of efficiently collecting data, balancing network consumption and prolonging network life. The main work is as follows: (1) based on the research of wireless sensor network infrastructure and the characteristics of mobile wireless sensor network, the influence of energy and Sink node mobility on the performance of mobile wireless sensor network is analyzed. The network performance is optimized in terms of energy consumption and mobility of Sink nodes. (2) Mobile Sink routing algorithm based on energy region is designed. The algorithm uses residual energy scanning to divide the system into several regions with similar energy, and then builds routing information in each energy region. Based on the constructed routing information, the proxy node is selected as the node to store information in the energy region and to communicate with the mobile Sink node. The mobile Sink node formulates the minimum mobile path strategy for Sink nodes according to the distribution of proxy nodes. (3) an energy-efficient routing tree algorithm based on mobile Sink is designed. The algorithm first constructs the routing tree, then uses the "root node footprint chain" to maintain the local routing information, and reduces the frequency of route reconfiguration caused by the Sink node movement. When the Sink node moves too far from its original position, the algorithm uses the "root node footprint chain" to maintain the local routing information. The global routing tree reconstruction algorithm triggers the routing tree reconstruction effectively to avoid the routing curve caused by the continuous expansion of the footprint chain and to update the whole network routing tree in time so that the routing is always in the best state. In this paper, the routing algorithm is simulated by NS2 simulation software. Compared with the traditional related protocols, the mobile Sink routing algorithm based on energy region can prolong the lifetime of the network by 30% to 40%. The energy efficient routing tree algorithm based on mobile Sink can prolong the network lifetime by 25% to 30%. Therefore, these two protocols can optimize the balance of network energy consumption and the prolongation of network life cycle.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN915.04

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