无线传感器网络路由协议的设计与仿真

发布时间：2019-07-03 11:45

【摘要】：集成了传感器、嵌入式计算、网络和无线通信四大技术而形成的无线传感器网络是一种全新的信息获取和处理技术,它是一种新型的无基础设施的无线网络,能够协作地实时监测、感知和采集各种环境或监测对象的信息,并对其进行处理,传送到需要这些信息的用户。无线传感器网络是计算机科学技术的一个新的研究领域,具有十分广阔的应用前景,引起了学术界和工业界的高度重视。本文的主要内容是对无线传感器网络的路由协议的设计,无线传感器网络节点数量庞大、单个节点资源极其有限,其路由协议设计的首要目标是有效节约能源,延长网络生命周期。作者分析和比较了国外提出的几种针对无线传感器网络的路由协议,并借鉴其中的优秀思想,设计出一种基于协商机制的能源有效性路由协议 NBEERP。 NBEERP是一种基于协商机制的层次型路由协议。从网络结构上看,它将网络划分成不同的簇类,每个簇类由一个簇头节点和若干普通节点组成,簇头节点处于较高的层次,不仅承担感知数据的任务,还要接收簇内普通节点传输的数据、进行数据融合,并把处理后的数据传向Sink节点;普通节点处于较低的级别,只进行感知和向簇头节点传输数据的任务。从时间上看,NBEERP将网络生命周期细化为一个一个的回合,每个回合分为两个阶段操作,即簇类形成阶段和数据传输阶段,数据传输阶段持续的时间比簇类形成阶段长。在簇类形成阶段,按照不同的要求,采用集中式和分布式相结合的方式形成簇类,簇类中每个节点都维护着通往Sink节点的多条路由。在数据传输阶段,簇内节点采用元数据协商的方式向簇头节点传输自身采集的数据,簇头节点接收完其簇内所有节点传输的数据,经过数据融合后再向Sink节点传输。每经过一个回合,都依据一定的策略对网络进行簇类的动态划分和簇头节点的重新选择,确保整个网络在较低的能耗水平下获得较高的吞吐量和较长的生命周期。经ns2平台上的仿真测试,证明NBEERP基本达到了路由协议设计目标。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network, which integrates four technologies: sensor, embedded computing, network and wireless communication, is a new information acquisition and processing technology. It is a new type of wireless network without infrastructure, which can monitor, sense and collect the information of various environments or monitoring objects in real time, and process it to the users who need this information. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a new research field of computer science and technology, which has a very broad application prospect and has attracted great attention of academia and industry. The main content of this paper is the design of routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. The number of nodes in wireless sensor networks is huge and the resources of a single node are extremely limited. The primary goal of routing protocol design is to effectively save energy and prolong the network life cycle. In this paper, several routing protocols for wireless sensor networks proposed abroad are analyzed and compared, and an energy efficient routing protocol based on negotiation mechanism (NBEERP.) is designed by using the excellent ideas of these protocols for reference. NBEERP is a hierarchical routing protocol based on negotiation mechanism. From the point of view of network structure, it divides the network into different cluster classes, each cluster class is composed of a cluster head node and several ordinary nodes. The cluster head node is at a higher level, which not only undertakes the task of sensing the data, but also receives the data transmitted by the ordinary nodes in the cluster, carries on the data fusion, and transmits the processed data to the Sink node. Ordinary nodes are at a lower level and only sense and transmit data to cluster head nodes. In terms of time, NBEERP refines the network life cycle into one round, each round is divided into two stages, namely, cluster class formation stage and data transmission stage. The duration of data transmission stage is longer than that of cluster class formation stage. In the stage of cluster class formation, according to different requirements, cluster classes are formed by combining centralized and distributed methods. Each node in the cluster class maintains multiple routes to Sink nodes. In the data transmission stage, the node in the cluster transmits the data collected by itself to the cluster head node by means of metadata negotiation. The cluster head node receives the data transmitted by all the nodes in the cluster and transmits it to the Sink node after data fusion. After each round, the dynamic division of cluster classes and the re-selection of cluster head nodes are carried out according to certain strategies to ensure that the whole network can obtain higher throughput and longer life cycle at a lower energy consumption level. Through the simulation test on ns2 platform, it is proved that NBEERP has basically achieved the goal of routing protocol design.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：TN925

【引证文献】