基于ZigBee技术的消防员定位系统研究与实现

发布时间：2019-07-03 09:39

【摘要】：21世纪以来,我国的经济正处于飞速发展并转轨的时期,大中型城市中重特大火灾时常发生。在复杂的灭火救援的环境中,我们必须面对一个严肃的现状：我国广大的消防员在执行任务中出现的伤亡比例正在逐步的增加。如何能完成好救灾灭火任务,又能够保证好自身的生命安全,减少自身伤亡,是当今智能化时代的趋势。本课题主要是针对消防员在火场环境中人身安全问题,提出了一种基于ZigBee技术的面向消防员室内无线定位系统的研究与实现。首先,本文应用ZigBee无线通信技术实现了消防员室内无线定位技术。在该系统中,终端节点可以向路由器发送数据,路由器可以转发数据：系统利用ZigBee组网特性,从数据包中提取RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indication)值,作为发射结点与接收节点之间距离的参考,利用定位算法计算出未知节点的位置。其次,考虑到基于ZigBee技术的消防员室内无线定位系统的精度不高,系统中基于误差产生原因设计出一种距离与RSSI区间映射原理的算法,继而提出了基于RSSI-COR-DIS模型改进定位算法,该算法适应不同的复杂环境,理论上,在消防员火场中有很好的可建性。为了完善系统,还对实际路由节点位置安放对未知节点位置定位影响进行讨论,初步得出在何种情况下可以得到良好的定位效果。除此之外,为了实现三维定位,设计出一种测量高度的简易方法；相对一些三维定位,该方法不仅实现简单,而且准确度高。最后,为了实现火场救援的消防员位置实时监控,设计并制作了实时监控软件；该软件是通过RS232串口线连接PC和ZigBee系统中的协调器。安装和使用之后,可以实现对呼救消防员实施救援,指挥中心还可以根据消防员发回的火场温度数据判断火场环境,并指挥火场救援活动。文章在最后还列出了进一步开发需要开展的工作,指出了消防员室内无线定位技术系统有待解决和完善的问题,提出了扩展定位系统性能和应用领域的几点意见,引出了后续系统改进的一些建议。
[Abstract]:Since the 21 st century, China's economy is in a period of rapid development and transition, and serious fires often occur in large and medium-sized cities. In the complex fire fighting and rescue environment, we must face a serious situation: the proportion of casualties among firefighters in our country is gradually increasing. How to complete the task of disaster relief and fire extinguishing, but also to ensure their own life safety and reduce their own casualties, is the trend of the intelligent era. In this paper, aiming at the personal safety of firefighters in fire environment, a research and implementation of indoor wireless positioning system for firefighters based on ZigBee technology is proposed. First of all, this paper uses ZigBee wireless communication technology to achieve firefighters indoor wireless positioning technology. In this system, the terminal node can send data to the router, and the router can forward the data: the system uses the ZigBee networking characteristics to extract the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) value from the packet as a reference for the distance between the transmitting node and the receiving node, and calculates the location of the unknown node by using the location algorithm. Secondly, considering that the accuracy of fireman indoor wireless positioning system based on ZigBee technology is not high, an algorithm based on the principle of distance and RSSI interval mapping is designed based on the cause of error, and then an improved location algorithm based on RSSI-COR-DIS model is proposed, which adapts to different complex environments and has good constructability in firemen's fire field in theory. In order to perfect the system, the influence of the location of the actual routing node on the location of the unknown node is also discussed, and the good positioning effect can be obtained under what circumstances. In addition, in order to realize 3D positioning, a simple method for measuring height is designed. Compared with some 3D positioning, this method is not only simple, but also accurate. Finally, in order to realize the real-time monitoring of firefighters' position in fire field rescue, a real-time monitoring software is designed and fabricated, which is the coordinator of PC and ZigBee system through RS232 serial port line. After installation and use, the rescue can be carried out for firefighters calling for help. The command center can also judge the fire environment according to the fire temperature data sent back by firefighters, and direct the fire rescue activities. Finally, the paper lists the work that needs to be carried out in the further development, points out the problems to be solved and perfected in the indoor wireless positioning technology system of firemen, puts forward some suggestions on expanding the performance and application field of the positioning system, and leads to some suggestions for the improvement of the follow-up system.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN92

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