无线传感器网络RPL路由协议的优化与设计

发布时间：2019-07-05 16:35

【摘要】：迅速发展的无线通信技术和集成电子技术使得无线传感器网络得以不断的发展,无线传感器网络是由大量低成本低功耗的传感器节点部署在监测区域中,对监测区域的监测环境进行数据的采集和传输。这些节点通过无线链路、自组织通信,将监测区域的监测数据汇聚传输给监测端。现如今,无线传感器网络已经应用于人们生活的每一个角落,如环境监控、医疗监护、交通监管等等,它的蓬勃发展给当代科技和人们的生活都带来了巨大的影响。对于无线网络通信中的诸多关键技术,如路由协议、能耗管理、节点定位等,其中处于最重要和核心地位的是路由技术,它是传感器网络运行的基础,因此路由协议是否适合网络的应用场景将直接影响着网络的性能。IETF工作组在分析了现有的无线传感器路由协议后,发现现有的路由协议中,没有集中针对低功耗有损网络的应用场景的,因此ROLL工作组提出了一种新的路由协议——RPL (Routing for low-Power and Lossy networks)路由协议,这种路由协议所适合的应用场景正是低功耗有损网络。由于在网络的实时监控过程中,要求通信节点能够在传输链路不稳定、拓扑频繁变化的网络中适应网络的一些突发状况,如陡增的数据流量、突变的链路质量、网络的不一致等现象,因此本文针对大规模数据流的网络拥塞现象和时延现象对RPL路由协议进行了两个方面的优化——多路径的动态负载均衡优化和跨层的最小时延优化。本论文首先基于单路径的RPL,以链路稳定性为前提对其进行了多路径的优化,并且在多路径的基础上按融合的路径权重对大量的数据流进行动态的负载均衡。这种优化方案使得大量的数据流可以沿着链路质量较好并且较为空闲的多条路径进行传输。测试结果表明,这种优化方案可以在网络面对大量数据时有很好的缓解网络的拥塞能力,并且可以在网络通信链路质量极差的情况下获得一个较好的网络服务质量。进一步,在多路径的基础上,根据对ContikiMAC层机制的分析,对多路径的RPL进行了跨层最小时延优化。提出设计了一种基于平均时延的路由度量,并根据新的路由度量设计了针对时延优化的目标函数。充分利用了 MAC层的节点唤醒周期来达到最小时延的目的。测试实验验证了改进后的优化算法在缓解网络拥塞的基础上使得整个RPL网络的平均时延显著减少。
文内图片：

图片说明：图１．１传统的ＷＳＮ系统架构逡逑最先开展有关无线传感器网络方面的研究课题的是美国的军方
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the wireless communication technology and the integrated electronic technology enables the wireless sensor network to be continuously developed, and the wireless sensor network is deployed in the monitoring area by a large number of sensor nodes with low cost and low power consumption, and the monitoring environment of the monitoring area is acquired and transmitted. The nodes communicate with the self-organization through the wireless link, and the monitoring data of the monitoring area is collected and transmitted to the monitoring terminal. Nowadays, the wireless sensor network has been applied to every corner of people's life, such as environmental monitoring, medical monitoring, traffic supervision and so on, and its vigorous development has brought great influence to the modern science and technology and people's life. for many key technologies in the wireless network communication, such as routing protocol, energy consumption management, node positioning and the like, the most important and core position is the routing technology, which is the basis of the operation of the sensor network, The application scenario of whether the routing protocol is suitable for the network will directly affect the performance of the network. The IETF working group, after analyzing the existing routing protocol of the wireless sensor, found that the existing routing protocol did not focus on the application scene of the low power consumption lossy network, so the ROLL working group proposed a new routing protocol _ RPL (Routing for low-Power and Lossy networks) routing protocol. The application scenario for this routing protocol is the low power lossy network. due to the fact that in the real-time monitoring process of the network, the communication node is required to adapt to some characteristics of the network in a network with unstable transmission links and frequent changes of the topology, such as steep data traffic, abrupt link quality, inconsistent network, and the like, In this paper, the dynamic load balance optimization of multi-path and the minimum time delay of the cross-layer are optimized for the RPL routing protocol based on the network congestion and the time delay of large-scale data flow. In this paper, based on the single-path RPL, the multi-path optimization is carried out on the premise of the link stability, and the dynamic load balance is carried out on a large number of data streams on the basis of multi-path. Such an optimization scheme allows a large number of data streams to be transmitted along multiple paths with good link quality and more idle. The test results show that this optimization scheme can alleviate the network congestion capability when the network faces a large amount of data, and can obtain a good network service quality under the condition of poor network communication link quality. Further, on the basis of multi-path, based on the analysis of the mechanism of the ContikiMAC layer, the minimum time delay of the cross-layer is optimized for the multi-path RPL. An average time-delay-based routing metric is proposed, and a target function for time-delay optimization is designed according to the new route metric. And fully utilizes the node wake-up period of the MAC layer to achieve the purpose of minimum time delay. The experimental results show that the improved optimization algorithm can reduce the average time delay of the whole RPL network based on the network congestion.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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