衍射极限尺度下的亚波长电磁学

发布时间：2017-12-27 18:02

本文关键词：衍射极限尺度下的亚波长电磁学　出处：《物理学报》2017年14期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：作为波的本性之一,衍射是现代物理学的重要研究内容.衍射导致自由空间中波的能量不能被无限小地聚集,从而为成像、光刻、光存储、光波导等技术设定了一个原理性的障碍——衍射极限.对于电磁波和光波而言,尽管通过提高介质的折射率可以压缩衍射效应,但由于自然界中材料的折射率有限,该方法存在很大限制.近年来,随着表面等离子体光学的兴起,表面等离子体在超越传统衍射极限方面的能力和应用前景受到了学术界的关注.本文从亚波长电磁学的角度出发,介绍衍射极限研究的历史,综述了突破衍射极限的理论方法.首先,利用金属介质表面等离子体激元的短波长特性,可将等效波长压缩一个数量级以上,在纳米尺度实现光波的聚焦或定向传输;更进一步,通过人为设计超构材料和超构表面,利用结构化金属和介质中的局域谐振、耦合等特殊电磁响应,可实现亚波长局域相位调制、超宽带色散调控、近完美吸收、光子自旋轨道耦合等,从而突破传统理论的诸多局限,为下一代电磁学和光学功能器件奠定重要基础.
[Abstract]:As one of the wave nature of diffraction is an important research content of modern physics. The diffraction result of free space wave energy cannot be infinitesimal aggregation, which set up a principle of obstacle diffraction limit imaging, lithography, optical storage, optical waveguide technology. For electromagnetic waves and light waves, even though to improve the refractive index of the medium can compress the diffraction effect, but because of the nature of the material refraction rate is limited, this method has some limitations. In recent years, with the rise of surface plasmon optics, capability and application prospect in surface plasma beyond the traditional diffraction limit has received the attention of the academic circles. This article from the perspective of subwavelength electromagnetics study on the diffraction limit of the history, summarizes the theory and method of breaking through the diffraction limit. First of all, the use of metal surface plasma medium short wavelength element The equivalent wavelength compression characteristics, more than an order of magnitude, in the nanometer scale realize light focusing or directional transmission; furthermore, through the design of metamaterial and ultra structure surface, special electromagnetic response using structured metal and medium local resonance and coupling, can realize subwavelength phase modulation, ultra wideband dispersion control, near perfect photon absorption, spin orbit coupling, so as to break through the limitations of traditional theory, lay an important foundation for the next generation of electromagnetic and optical devices.
【作者单位】：中国科学院光电技术研究所微细加工光学技术国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2013CBA01700) 国家自然科学基金(批准号:61622508,61575201)资助的课题~~
【分类号】：O441
【正文快照】： 1引言尤理曰】:i播x $子力#’处”的范围二-般在波长量级以上,其根源在于自由空间中波的能量(或概率)不能局域到远小于波长的尺度中.这-现象在量子力学中被称为“不确定性原理”(1928帛由Heisenberg提出),X植于光学系统中的“灥K限”W.1873年,阿贝指出光学显微镜的成像分

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