MIT发现物质新形态一种既是晶体又是超流体的超固体
发布时间：2017-12-28 06:15
本文关键词：MIT发现物质新形态一种既是晶体又是超流体的超固体 出处：《特种铸造及有色合金》2017年04期 论文类型：期刊论文
更多相关文章： 超固体 MIT 超流体 量子态 无粘性流动 氦原子 能量传输 超导磁体 物质状态 晶格结构
【摘要】：正近日,美国麻省理工学院MIT的物理学家发现一种新的物质形态:超固体。这种物质形态同时具备了固体和超流体的性质。研究人员用激光操纵处于玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的气态超流体,使它们同时进入于一种全新的量子态中--超固态。这种量子态具有晶格结构,同时还拥有超流体本身的无粘性流动特性。理解这种明显矛盾的物质状态可以帮助我们更好地理解超流和超导的性质,从而极大促进超导磁体,超导传感器以及能量传输等行业的发展。该项研究发表在《Nature》杂志上。该项目领头人Wolfgang Ketterle说:"超固体既能流动又有固体的结构,这的确很反常识。当你搅拌一杯具有超流性的咖啡时,咖啡会永远旋转下去。"物理学家们曾经预测会有超固体的存在,但迄今为止仍未在实验室发现。有人从理论上提出,如果可以在低温条件下,让处于超流体状态下的氦原子绕着氦晶体运动,从而形成等效意义上的超固体。Ketterle团队采用钠原子实现了超固体。由
[Abstract]:Recently, physicists at MIT of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found a new form of material: super solid. This form of material has both solid and superfluid properties at the same time. The researchers use the laser to manipulate the gaseous superfluid in Bose Einstein condensation, allowing them to enter into a new quantum state, supersolid. The quantum state has a lattice structure and also has the non viscous flow characteristics of the superfluid itself. Understanding this obviously contradictory state of matter can help us better understand the nature of superfluid and superconductivity, thus greatly promoting the development of superconducting magnets, superconducting sensors and energy transmission industries. The study was published in the Journal Nature. Wolfgang Ketterle, the leader of the project, said, "a super solid can flow and have a solid structure, which is really common sense." When you mix a cup of super - current coffee, the coffee will rotate forever. "Physicists have predicted that there will be a super solid, but so far it has not been found in the laboratory. It has been theoretically suggested that if the helium atom in superfluid state moves around helium crystal at low temperature, it will form an equivalent sense of supersolid. The Ketterle team used sodium atoms to realize the super solid. from
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